Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Avian Fauna

Mitra, Anindita; Chatterjee, Soumya; Sarkar, Mainak; Gupta, Dharmendra K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48973-1_3

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Pesticides are used widely in cropland systems, and often in direct proximity to grassland bird habitats ( Etterson et al 2017 ;Stanton et al 2018 ;Mitra et al 2021 ; Fig. 2 A).…”

Section: Agricultural Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 A). Increasingly, evidence suggests that a diversity of such pesticides may be detrimental to grassland birds through multiple pathways such as adult mortality, sublethal effects on physiology, altered parental care, reduced fecundity, and impaired migratory ability ( Eng et al 2017 ;Etterson et al 2017 ;Mitra et al 2021 ;Moreau et al 2022 ). A recent review of the effects of pesticides on grassland birds found that the overwhelming majority of studies on the subject have reported negative effects ( Stanton et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Agricultural Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no longer ambiguity regarding the harmfulness of pesticides to grassland birds and other wildlife ( Stanton et al 2018 ;Li et al 2020 ;Mitra et al 2021 ;Moreau et al 2022 ). While the use of conventional pesticide compounds will likely continue into the near future, effort s to ban or regulate the use of neonicotinoids could have a better chance of success.…”

Section: Regulating Neonicotinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Conservation Challenges and Possible Solutions for Grassland Birds of the North American Great Plains

Bernath-Plaisted,

Correll,

Somershoe

et al. 2023

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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“…Pesticides are used widely in cropland systems, and often in direct proximity to grassland bird habitats ( Etterson et al 2017 ;Stanton et al 2018 ;Mitra et al 2021 ; Fig. 2 A).…”

Section: Agricultural Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agricultural Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulating Neonicotinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of Conservation Challenges and Possible Solutions for Grassland Birds of the North American Great Plains

Bernath-Plaisted,

Correll,

Somershoe

et al. 2023

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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“…However, the ecological basis for this approach should be further considered as wild birds are most likely to be exposed to pesticide residues on dietary items as they feed throughout the day, making the dietary exposure route in the sub‐acute dietary study more environmentally relevant than the single bolus dose exposure in the acute oral study (ECOFRAM Terrestrial Workgroup, 1999; Mitra et al, 2021; D. R. J. Moore et al, 2014; Stafford et al, 2003; USEPA, 2017). This is because the birds in the sub‐acute dietary study are allowed to feed ad libitum over the course of the day, mimicking the likely exposure timing of wild birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of the avian sub‐acute dietary toxicity test in ecological risk assessment and a path forward to reduce animal use

Bone

Brewer²,

Habig³

et al. 2022

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has long required both avian sub-acute dietary and acute oral studies to inform risk assessments for pesticides. Recently, the USEPA collaborated with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals to determine whether the results of the acute oral avian toxicity test or the sub-acute dietary toxicity test consistently generated the greatest risk predictions in USEPA tier 1 assessments for pesticides first registered between 1998 and 2017. Their study concluded that in 99% of the cases, risk conclusions were driven by the acute oral study (OPPTS 850.2100, OCSPP 850.2100, or similar) because using these data results in higher risk quotients than sub-acute dietary data. Shortly after publishing these results, the USEPA released a formal memorandum providing guidance for waiving the subacute dietary study for most pesticides. The USEPA will, however, retain the option to require sub-acute dietary studies for pesticides with certain chemical properties. However, as the avian sub-acute dietary study has an exposure regimen that is often more representative of how birds are exposed to pesticides under actual use conditions than does the acute oral study (i.e., as part of a dietary item eaten over the course of a day and not a bolus dose), this study can provide useful context for risk assessment on a case-by-case basis. Decision criteria are needed to determine a path forward that both minimizes vertebrate animal testing and positions the avian sub-acute dietary data as an option for risk refinement. Decision criteria are proposed here with recommendations for refining the design of avian sub-acute dietary studies to ensure that the data generated are optimized to support a science-based acute avian risk assessment, supported by a case study demonstrating when and how sub-acute dietary studies may be used in a higher-tier risk assessment.

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“…While only one metric of sustainability, pesticides are highly salient to consumers 11,21 . Historically, widespread use of persistent, broad-spectrum, and bioaccumulating chemicals such as organochlorines and organophosphates had severe negative impacts on humans, other mammals, and birds 22,23 ; impacts which helped spur the early organic movement 24,25 . As those risks were increasingly recognized, a new generation of chemicals was developed with a particular focus on reducing human-health risks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and characterizing pesticide use on 9,000 fields of organic agriculture

2021

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Notwithstanding popular perception, the environmental impacts of organic agriculture, particularly with respect to pesticide use, are not well established. Fueling the impasse is the general lack of data on comparable organic and conventional agricultural fields. We identify the location of ~9,000 organic fields from 2013 to 2019 using field-level crop and pesticide use data, along with state certification data, for Kern County, CA, one of the US’ most valuable crop producing counties. We parse apart how being organic relative to conventional affects decisions to spray pesticides and, if spraying, how much to spray using both raw and yield gap-adjusted pesticide application rates, based on a global meta-analysis. We show the expected probability of spraying any pesticides is reduced by about 30 percentage points for organic relative to conventional fields, across different metrics of pesticide use including overall weight applied and coarse ecotoxicity metrics. We report little difference, on average, in pesticide use for organic and conventional fields that do spray, though observe substantial crop-specific heterogeneity.

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Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Avian Fauna

Cited by 11 publications

References 122 publications

Review of Conservation Challenges and Possible Solutions for Grassland Birds of the North American Great Plains

Review of Conservation Challenges and Possible Solutions for Grassland Birds of the North American Great Plains

Utility of the avian sub‐acute dietary toxicity test in ecological risk assessment and a path forward to reduce animal use

Identifying and characterizing pesticide use on 9,000 fields of organic agriculture

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