Toxic effects of environmental pollutants: Comparative investigation using Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa L.

Silveira, Graciele Lurdes; Lima, Maria Gabriela Franco; Reis, Gabriela Barreto dos; Palmieri, Marcel José; Andrade-Vieria, Larissa Fonseca

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.048

Cited by 139 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…The statistical differences regarding the dynamics of germination and growth of roots exposed to physic nut oil was obtained after 48 hours of exposure, showing that, when present, the toxicity response is rapid. Moreover, the applied test requires little time, is simple and of low cost, which corroborates the perception of other authors on the use of macroscopic tests to investigate the toxic effects of any simple substance or chemical compound (Palmieri, Luber, Andrade, & Davide, 2014;Silveira, et al, 2017). Pinheiro et al, (2015) investigated the essential oil action of leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus, Carvacrol, and Thymol on lettuce, observing the toxic action of these compounds on seed development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Hence, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of physic nut oil from varieties considered toxic (containing known amount of phorbol ester) or non-toxic (without detectable phorbol ester), on meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) -a plant model employed to detect macroscopic alterations, via seed germination and root growth, as well as microscopic changes, involving cytogenetic bioassays to evaluate the mitotic index and occurrence of chromosomal and nuclear alterations (Silveira, Lima, Reis, Palmieri, & Andrade-Vieria, 2017). This way, efficiency of the plant model in distinguishing the studied varieties shall be verified, ultimately incorporating such tests in the toxicity analyses of different cultivars and in the validation of detoxication experiments, hence avoiding animal assays.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cytogenetic bioassays as tools to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

Andrade-Vieira

Botelho

Pinheiro

et al. 2018

RBT

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The tropical and subtropical naturalized physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), has been explored for biodiesel production in recent times. The oil is extracted from the seeds and, for the production to be feasible, utilization of the residual seed cake is crucial. Although the cake could be employed as a protein source in animal feed, it is rich in phorbol ester, which is toxic for animals. Therefore, breeding programs have been working to reduce or eliminate the phorbol ester content in physic nut. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the physic nut oil of toxic and non-toxic varieties (containing known or undetectable amounts of phorbol ester, respectively) with regards to phytotoxicity in a model experiment with Lactuca sativa L. For this, the percentage of germinated seeds was evaluated after 8, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours of exposure to the treatments with toxic and non-toxic oil at concentrations of 22.5 %, 45 % and 67.5 % of emulsion (physic nut oil energetically mixed with distilled water). Root growth was determined after 48 hours of exposure and the germination speed index was obtained. The different stages of mitotic division as well as possible chromosomal and nuclear alterations were also recorded. The mitotic index was calculated as the number of dividing cells, as a fraction of the total number of cells, and the frequency of chromosome and nuclear alterations, expressed as the percentage of number of alterations divided by the total number of cells. Both varieties exhibited phytotoxicity, inducing significant reductions in percentage of germinated seeds (reduction of 98 %), germination speed index (reduction of 24.44) and root growth (reduction of 8.54 mm). In microscopic analysis, a mitodepressive effect was observed for both oils at the three concentrations used when compared to the negative control; however, it was possible to distinguish between the toxic and the non-toxic varieties based on the more expressive reduction of division promoted by the first, 2.19 %. Significant increments in the frequency of mitotic cells showing chromosome alterations as well, as the presence of condensed nuclei, were observed in the treated cells. However, these parameters were not significantly different from the control in the cells treated with both physic nut oils. In conclusion, the evaluation of root growth and cell division in the plant model L. sativa, can be proposed as an alternative to animal tests to distinguish the varieties with high and low phorbol ester concentration, thus contributing to the detection of toxicity in varieties used in breeding programs. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 495-502. Epub 2018 June 01.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic bioassays as tools to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

Andrade-Vieira

Botelho

Pinheiro

et al. 2018

RBT

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“…Root growth has been linked to increase in MI because some authors have related the growth of organs in plants with continuous cell division cycles (Silveira et al 2017). MI has been described as a biomarker of cytotoxicity.…”

Section: A Cepa As Bioindicator Of Herbicidal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Firbas²,

et al. 2018

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A general report on the use of the Allium test as cytotoxicological and genotoxicological assay is proposed, with particular emphasis about the standardization of the test in several common applications. The intraspecific variation in Allium cepa has been overlooked, as in most investigations no mention is made about origin and denomination of the onion cultivar used. A standardization of the used material would allow a better generalization of the results, since we cannot be sure that all cultivars would give the same response. A more frequent use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation is proposed. Even if relatively time consuming and not available in all laboratories, it may help to better understand the mechanism of cytotoxicity, since many morphological characters may appear similar but be arisen from different processes observable only with TEM. About statistical testing, tests other than chi-squared may be used in case of a lower amount of data. The most commonly used statistical tests are the parametric tests ANOVA and Student's t, and the nonparametric tests Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U, for analysis of variance. Tests should be used also to assess the minimal sample dimension for obtaining significance, since data collection (microscope observation) appears to be one of the main bottle necks of the test. Also the use of the Allium test for testing liposomes and other nanovectors for drug delivery is proposed, in order to assess the cytotoxicity of these types of medium and the possible increase in cytotoxicity of the associated drug.

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“…As a consequence of increased ROS production, Cd exposure was reported to cause DNA damage in a variety of plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana (Wang et al, 2016;Cao et al, 2018), Triticum vulgare (Mutlu and Mutlu, 2015), Oryza sativa (Zhang et al, 2015), Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa (Silveira et al, 2017). When cells perceive DNA damage, the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) can be affected, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression (Hu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressor of Gamma Response 1 Modulates the DNA Damage Response and Oxidative Stress Response in Leaves of Cadmium-Exposed Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2020

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Cadmium (Cd) exposure causes an oxidative challenge and inhibits cell cycle progression, ultimately impacting plant growth. Stress-induced effects on the cell cycle are often a consequence of activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of the transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1) and three downstream cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors of the SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR) family in the Cd-induced DDR and oxidative challenge in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Effects of Cd on plant growth, cell cycle regulation and the expression of DDR genes were highly similar between the wildtype and smr4/5/7 mutant. In contrast, sog1-7 mutant leaves displayed a much lower Cd sensitivity within the experimental time-frame and significantly less pronounced upregulations of DDR-related genes, indicating the involvement of SOG1 in the Cdinduced DDR. Cadmium-induced responses related to the oxidative challenge were disturbed in the sog1-7 mutant, as indicated by delayed Cd-induced increases of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione concentrations and lower upregulations of oxidative stress-related genes. In conclusion, our results attribute a novel role to SOG1 in regulating the oxidative stress response and connect oxidative stress to the DDR in Cd-exposed plants.

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Toxic effects of environmental pollutants: Comparative investigation using Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa L.

Cited by 139 publications

References 33 publications

Cytogenetic bioassays as tools to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

Cytogenetic bioassays as tools to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Suppressor of Gamma Response 1 Modulates the DNA Damage Response and Oxidative Stress Response in Leaves of Cadmium-Exposed Arabidopsis thaliana

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