Toxic Effects of Contaminants in Polar Marine Environments

Chapman, Peter M.; Riddle, Martin J.

doi:10.1021/es0532537

Cited by 103 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Sources and types of contaminants in the environment and resulting problems are many and varied and include natural seepage of crude oils, ship traffic, supertankers spilling crude oils, leaking storage tanks, pipelines, hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, dioxins, and many other types of chemical spills from a wide variety of sources (Aislabie et al 2004;Alzaga et al 2004;Ohe et al 2004;Chapman and Riddle 2005;Franco et al 2006;Hong et al 2005;Lee et al 2005;Chen et al 2006;Samara et al 2006). In certain cases, characterization of these spills by GC and GCMS data may be ambiguous, and inconclusive, as result of weathering processes such as evaporation, photooxidation, water-washing, and biodegradation changing the distribution of components in the spilled material versus the original sample (Milner et al 1977;Lafargue and Barker 1988;Palmer 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: a review

Philp

2006

Environ Chem Lett

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: a review

Philp

2006

Environ Chem Lett

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“…On the other hand, the Antarctic wildlife is more sensitive to chemical contaminants at lower concentrations than similar species from temperate latitudes (Poland et al 2003). Polar animals have a high content of lipids and a slow metabolism to save energy, and therefore they have a very slow process of pollutants detoxification (Chapman and Riddle 2005), which implies that Antarctic organisms might be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of POPs than animals from other regions (Bargagli 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of persistent organic pollutants and their relationship with immunoglobulins in blood of penguin colonies from Antarctica

Jara

Celis

Araneda

et al. 2018

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may affect the immune system of seabirds, and some field studies have examined this effect. There are evidences that POPs cause negative effects on the immune system, but in Antarctic penguins data are scarce. In order to assess the risks that POPs may have on wild animals, some immunological studies constitute a good alternative. Determining the levels of immunoglobulins can deliver relevant information about the potential impact of POPs in seabirds from different environments. However, there are very few records in penguins so far. The aim of the present work was to quantify the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (∑DDT), endosulfans, and immunoglobulin IgY in blood samples of colonies of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) that inhabit in the Antarctic Peninsula area. Analysis of POPs in blood samples was carried out through extraction with QuEChERS method, followed by gas chromatography. Detection of IgY concentrations was achieved by ELISA test, using anti-chicken antibodies. There was some significant correlation between immunoglobulin and the presence of PCBs and endosulfans. Even though the levels of these pollutants are low to cause any biological effect on the birds, the results are indicating some influence on the IgY concentrations in penguin blood.

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“…The relative sensitivity of Arctic species towards human-induced stressors has been an issue for discussion [41], as the extreme environmental conditions affects biota characteristics and thus the sensitivity of ecosystems towards contaminants and the effect of stressors [42]. Nutrient availability, metabolic rate, lipid content and physiological adaptation are factors that could alter the sensitivity in Arctic marine species compared to other ecosystems [43], however, research is not conclusive in this regard [44].…”

Section: Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Impact Assessment in the Arctic: Challenges and Research Needs

Pettersen

Song

2017

Sustainability

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly used for environmental assessment of products and production processes to support environmental decision-making both worldwide and in the Arctic. However, there are several weaknesses in the impact assessment methodology in LCA, e.g., related to uncertainties of impact assessment results, absence of spatial differentiation in characterization modeling, and gaps in the coverage of impact pathways of different "archetypal" environments. Searching for a new resource base and areas for operation, marine and marine-based industries are continuously moving north, which underlines the need for better life cycle impact assessment in the Arctic, particularly to aid in industrial environmental management systems and stakeholder communications. This paper aims to investigate gaps and challenges in the application of the currently available impact assessment methods in the Arctic context. A simplified Arctic mining LCA case study was carried out to demonstrate the relevance of Arctic emissions at the midpoint and endpoint levels, as well as possible influences of the Arctic context on the impact assessment results. Results of this study showed that significant research gaps remain in Arctic-dependent life cycle impact assessment, particularly on: (i) the possible influences of the Arctic-specific features on characterization factors for impact assessment (such as seasonality, cold climate, precipitation, and marine dependence); and (ii) the coverage of impact pathways, especially on the under-addressed marine impacts and marine/near-shore dispersion processes. Addressing those identified research gaps and demand for future Arctic life cycle impact assessment could increase the credibility of LCA as an environmental decision-making support tool for Arctic industries and better support sustainable Arctic development.

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Toxic Effects of Contaminants in Polar Marine Environments

Abstract: Although polar studies have inherent logistic difficulties that increase both their complexity and their cost, the consequences of not obtaining polar-specific information could be catastrophic.

Cited by 103 publications

References 36 publications

The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: a review

The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: a review

Assessment of persistent organic pollutants and their relationship with immunoglobulins in blood of penguin colonies from Antarctica

Life Cycle Impact Assessment in the Arctic: Challenges and Research Needs

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