Toxic Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) from Vietnam with new gonyautoxin analogue

Lim, Po Teen; Satō, Shigeru; Thuộc, Chu Văn; Tu, Pham The; Huyen, Nguyen Thi Minh; Takata, Yoshinobu; Yoshida, Makoto; Kobiyama, Atsushi; Koike, Kazuo; Ogata, Toru

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2006.04.004

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Formation of the conjugates does not occur under acidic conditions. Furthermore, it was confirmed that GTXs-12-ol reported in toxinproducing cyanobacterium (Onodera et al 1997) and a dinoflagellate species from tropical area (Lim et al 2007), analogues in which the gem diol at C12 is reduced, did not react with thiols at all. These facts indicate that the characterstic keto-gem diol structure at C12 of the toxins is essential for the reaction.…”

Section: Non-enzymatic Transformation Of Psp Toxins: Formation Of Unisupporting

confidence: 54%

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Kodama

2010

Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plankton feeders such as bivalves often become toxic. Human consumption of the toxic bivalve causes severe food poisoning, including paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) which is the most dangerous because of the acuteness of the symptoms, high fatality and wide distribution throughout the world. Accumulation of PSP toxins in shellfish has posed serious problems to public health and fisheries industry. The causative organisms of PSP toxins are known to be species of dinoflagellates including those belonging to the genus Alexandrium, Gymnodinium catenatum and Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum. Bivalves accumulate PSP toxins during a bloom of these dinoflagellates. Thus, the dinoflagellate toxins have been considered as being concentrated in bivalves through food web transfer. However, field studies on the toxin level of bivalves in association with the abundance of toxic dinoflagellates could not support the idea. A kinetics study on toxins by feeding experiments of cultured dinoflagellate cells to bivalves also showed similar results, indicating that toxin accumulation of bivalves is not caused by simple accumulation of toxins due to food-web transfer. Based on the discovery of toxin-producing bacterium in the cells of toxic dinoflagellates, this study suggests that PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates are catabolites of bacterial substance in dinoflagellate cells. On the other hand, tetrodotoxin (TTX), a puffer toxin, is reported to be produced by some species of bacteria. Thus, the origin of TTX of puffer is considered to be bacteria. However, the mechanism for puffer to possess TTX through bacteria is unknown. The present study revealed that organisms bearing either TTX or PSP toxins possess both toxins, although the proportion of both is different among the specimens. In fact, a significant level of TTX is detected in A. tamarense. In addition, TTX-like toxin-producing bacteria are found to be infected in the liver of toxic specimens of puffer. These findings strongly suggest that a similar mechanism between bacteria and toxic organisms is involved in the production of TTX and/or PSP toxins in toxic organisms.

show abstract

Section: Non-enzymatic Transformation Of Psp Toxins: Formation Of Unisupporting

confidence: 54%

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Kodama

2010

Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…25). Moreover, deoxydecarbamoyl derivatives, and derivatives whose carbamoyl nitrogen or C-11 are modified were separated from G. catenatum (Negri et al 1998;Oshima et al 1993) or the toxic Latin-American frog Atelopus zeteki (Yotsu-Yamashita et al 2004), and non-toxic derivatives whose C-12 is reduced, from the blue-green alga Lyngbya wollei (Onodera et al 1997) or the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (Lim et al 2007).…”

Section: -1 Diversity Of Psp Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxins of Pufferfish—Distribution, Accumulation　Mechanism, and Physiologic Functions

Arakawa¹,

Takatani²,

Taniyama³

et al. 2017

Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Keywordsunit) is defined as the amount of toxin required to kill a 20-g male mouse within 30 min after intraperitoneal administration], and the minimum lethal dose (MLD) for humans is estimated to be approximately 10000 MU (ª2 mg) (Noguchi and Ebesu 2001).The main symptoms of human intoxication include numbness of lips, tongue and the limbs, paresthesia, dysarthria, respiratory distress, and death is caused by respiratory failure in the most critical cases (Noguchi and Ebesu 2001). According to Toda et al. (2012), 651 incidents of TTX poisoning due to pufferfish have occurred in Japan, involving 976 patients and 56 deaths during the 22 years from 1989 to 2010. Many cases occurred during the winter season in coastal prefectures of the Seto Inland Sea, with "komonfugu" Takifugu poecilonotus, "mafugu" Takifugu porphyreus, "higanfugu" Takifugu pardalis, "shosaifugu" Takifugu Abstract Our many years of studies have provided a lot of information regarding distribution, accumulation mechanism, and physiologic functions of the natural toxins harbored by pufferfish. We detected tetrodotoxin (TTX) and/or its derivatives in several species of aquatic organisms including marine bacteria. This, along with the fact that pufferfish became non-toxic when they were reared with non-toxic feed, indicated that the toxification of pufferfish is of exogenous origin. Subsequently, we revealed by various TTX administration experiments using non-toxic cultured pufferfish that the TTX administered into the muscle or digestive tract rapidly transferred to the liver and skin, and that the toxin transfer to the gonads was largely different between male and female, suggesting the involvement of maturation in the internal kinetics of TTX. On the other hand, we visualized micro-distribution of TTX in the tissues of various TTX-bearing organisms using an immunohistochemical technique, giving a crucial insight to elucidate physiologic functions of TTX including the function as a defensive or offensive agent. Furthermore, we found that Southeast Asian freshwater pufferfish possess paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) as a main toxin, and that boxfish and Bangladeshi freshwater pufferfish bear a palytoxin (PLTX)-like toxin, and cause a rhabdomyolysis, which overturned the common sense that pufferfish toxin equals TTX.

show abstract

“…Recently, an unknown gonyautoxin analogue was reported from a Vietnamise Alexandrium minutum strain, but its structure has not been elucidated until now (Lim et al 2007). A real-time comparison study carried out by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency between testing bivalves with the AOAC MBA and a novel post-column oxidation method (Rourke et al 2008) showed an apparent discrepancy between results during analysis of some shipments of scallops (Zygochlamys patagonica) imported from Argentina.…”

Section: Other Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New saxitoxin analogues in the marine environment: developments in toxin chemistry, detection and biotransformation during the 2000s

Vale

2010

Phytochem Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Toxic Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) from Vietnam with new gonyautoxin analogue

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Toxins of Pufferfish—Distribution, Accumulation　Mechanism, and Physiologic Functions

New saxitoxin analogues in the marine environment: developments in toxin chemistry, detection and biotransformation during the 2000s

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Toxic Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) from Vietnam with new gonyautoxin analogue

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Toxins of Pufferfish—Distribution, Accumulation Mechanism, and Physiologic Functions

New saxitoxin analogues in the marine environment: developments in toxin chemistry, detection and biotransformation during the 2000s

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Toxins of Pufferfish—Distribution, Accumulation　Mechanism, and Physiologic Functions