Towards ultrasensitive malaria diagnosis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Chen, Keren; Yuen, Clement; Aniweh, Yaw; Preiser, Peter R.; Liu, Quan

doi:10.1038/srep20177

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…The spectral markers of hemozoin from infected RBC were detectable at the early-ring stage parasitemia levels of between 0.0005% and 0.005%. While enhancements of Raman signals occurs when hemozoin crystals are in direct contact with metal surfaces [102], another SERS method that applied synthesized silver nanoparticles inside parasites to achieve a close contact with hemozoin demonstrated an ultrasensitive hemozoin detection at 0.00005% parasitemia level in the ring stage (2.5 parasites/µL). These SERS methods have shown potential in early malaria diagnosis at low parasitemia levels, however, Raman spectrometers, and particularly those with high spectral resolutions, are expensive.…”

Section: Detection Of Hemozoin In Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis

Krampa

Aniweh

Kanyong

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The impact of malaria on global health has continually prompted the need to develop more effective diagnostic strategies that could overcome deficiencies in accurate and early detection. In this review, we examine the various biosensor-based methods for malaria diagnostic biomarkers, namely; Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and the biocrystal hemozoin. The models that demonstrate a potential for field application have been discussed, looking at the fabrication and analytical performance characteristics, including (but not exclusively limited to): response time, sensitivity, detection limit, linear range, and storage stability, which are first summarized in a tabular form and then described in detail. The conclusion summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies applied in the field, the current challenges and the emerging prospects for malaria biosensors.Sensors 2020, 20, 799 2 of 21 emergence and spread of drug resistance. It could also reduce the pool of individuals who can contribute to malaria transmission [5].To date, many technologies have attempted to circumvent the challenges in malaria diagnostics with technologies that address point-of-care needs and early stage asymptomatic detection. In this review, we first comprehensively summarize the biomarkers targeted during the course of malaria with emphasis on the importance of sensitive early detection. Next, we provide an overview of the recent advances in biosensor technologies for the detection of the most targeted biomarkers, focusing on: development, analytical performances, and suitability for point of care testing. The prevailing challenges and future outlook of the use of these technologies in the field are also highlighted. Parasite Development in Humans, Biomarkers, and DiagnosisThe developmental cycle of Plasmodium species that infect humans is briefly illustrated in Figure 1 [6]. The cycle begins with the injection of sporozoites into the host's circulation by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The sporozoites then target and enter hepatocytes where they multiply and differentiate into merozoites. This stage of the parasite life cycle is known as pre-erythrocytic. In infections involving P. vivax and P. ovale, dormant forms of the liver stage, called hypnozoites may persist in the liver [7] and cause relapse of the infection, thereby making it difficult to eradicate. The pre-erythrocytic stage is essential in the establishment of malaria infection. This stage is asymptomatic, however, it is difficult for diagnostic tools to detect sporozoites because hepatocytes invasion occurs within 30-45 min after sporozoites are inoculated by the infected mosquito [8,9]. This short time and low numbers of sporozoites injected leaves little time for their detection. Some efforts in finding biomarkers for detection of early liver stage or the dormant form have identified the Plasmodium liver-specific protein 2 (LISP2) [10,11]. The sporozoite surface circum...

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Section: Detection Of Hemozoin In Clinical Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis

Krampa

Aniweh

Kanyong

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Using the first method the lowest detectable parasitemia level was reported as 0.01%, and with the second method the detection limit was said to be as low as 0.00005% (approximately 2.5 parasites/mL of blood). 107 Genetic Blood Disorders. Two genetic blood disorders, thalassemia and sickle-cell disease (SCD), have been investigated with Raman spectroscopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components

et al. 2017

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Blood is a bodily fluid that is vital for a number of life functions in animals. To a first approximation, blood is a mildly alkaline aqueous fluid (plasma) in which a large number of free-floating red cells (erythrocytes), white cells (leucocytes), and platelets are suspended. The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body and move carbon dioxide in the return direction after it is produced by the cells' metabolism. Blood also carries nutrients to the cells and brings waste products to the liver and kidneys. Measured levels of oxygen, nutrients, waste, and electrolytes in blood are often used for clinical assessment of human health. Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive analytical technique that uses the inelastic scattering of light to provide information on chemical composition, and hence has a potential role in this clinical assessment process. Raman spectroscopic probing of blood components and of whole blood has been on-going for more than four decades and has proven useful in applications ranging from the understanding of hemoglobin oxygenation, to the discrimination of cancerous cells from healthy lymphocytes, and the forensic investigation of crime scenes. In this paper, we review the literature in the field, collate the published Raman spectroscopy studies of erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets, plasma, and whole blood, and attempt to draw general conclusions on the state of the field.

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“…Conceptualizing the NMR as point of care device, a low-cost wearable device (e.g., pulse oximetry) or compact body fluids analyser for monitoring may become feasible in near future but remain a foreseen test. This may be possible if engineers can step up the game by using the radio/microwave or infrared spectrum as transducer, in analogous to the existing (and already viable) technologies of micro magnetic resonance imaging [37] or SERS [38], respectively.…”

Section: Future Outlook: the Silver Liningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid phenotyping towards personalized malaria medicine

Veiga

Peng

2020

Malar J

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Malaria is major public health concerns which continues to claim the lives of more than 435,000 people each year. The challenges with anti-malarial drug resistance and detection of low parasitaemia forms an immediate barrier to achieve the fast-approaching United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of ending malaria epidemics by 2030. In this Opinion article, focusing on the recent published technologies, in particularly the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based diagnostic technologies, the authors offer their perspectives and highlight ways to bring these pointof-care technologies towards personalized medicine. To this end, they advocate an open sourcing initiative to rapidly close the gap between technological innovations and field implementation.

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Towards ultrasensitive malaria diagnosis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 57 publications

References 52 publications

Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis

Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis

Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components

Rapid phenotyping towards personalized malaria medicine

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