Towards the Sea Ice and Wind Measurement by a C-Band Scatterometer at Dual VV/HH Polarization: A Prospective Appraisal

Nekrasov, Alexey; Khachaturian, Alena B.; Labun, Ján; Kurdel, Pavol; Bogachev, Mikhail I.

doi:10.3390/rs12203382

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recently, we have also shown this method's feasibility for airborne weather radar [28], and satellite-based scatterometers [29,30]. The C-band sea water and ice GMFs for the vertical transmit and receive polarization [39,41,42] were used in those cases.…”

Section: -2-sea Water/ice Discrimination Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, we consider here a sea water/ice discrimination method that is based on a significantly different azimuth shape of the water and sea ice NRCSs. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of the method for airborne weather radar [28] and satellite-based scatterometers [29,30]. The decision on whether sea water or ice is observed is made based on the minimum statistical distance, within the observation scheme, of the measured NRCSs to the sea ice and water GMFs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Using Semicircular Sampling to Increase Sea Water/Ice Discrimination Altitude

Nekrasov,

Khachaturian,

Fidge

2024

Emerg Sci J

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The rapid development of aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) increases their use, including in polar areas, which are characterized by their remoteness and rather harsh conditions. The dominant trends in airborne radar development are expanding their functionality and increasing the altitude of their applicability. Our study focuses on the functionality enhancement of airborne high-altitude conical scanning radars currently used for circular clouds and precipitation observations as well as for sea wind measurements. Recently, we showed how a semicircular observation scheme, instead of a circular one, can double the maximum applicable altitude of sea wind measurements made with such radars. Here we apply this approach to show how an airborne high-altitude conical scanning radar’s functionality can also be expanded for sea water/ice discrimination within a semicircular observation scheme, again doubling the maximum discrimination altitude compared to circular observations. The discrimination is performed in scatterometer mode using the minimum statistical distance of the measured normalized radar cross sections (NRCSs) to the geophysical model functions (GMFs) of the sea water and ice underlying surfaces. However, as no sea ice GMF is available for the considered horizontal transmit and receive polarization at the Ku band, we instead used a substitute sea ice GMF having the same azimuth isotropic property setting for its NRCSs as the averaged value of the measured azimuth NRCSs within the semicircular observations scheme. Our analysis found that incidence angles of 30°, 45°, and 60° are well suited to our sea water/ice discrimination method, and that incidence angles higher than 30° are preferable as they provide a higher difference in the statistical distance of the measured NRCSs to the sea ice and water GMFs, whereas an incidence angle of 30° provides the highest applicable altitude for sea water/ice discrimination and wind retrieval. We also demonstrated the ability of the sea water/ice discrimination procedure’s implementation for any airborne wind scatterometer or multimode radar operated in scatterometer mode over freezing seas to avoid entirely erroneous sea wind measurement results when a sea ice surface is observed. The obtained results can also be used for enhancing aircraft and UAV radars and for developing new remote sensing systems. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-07 Full Text: PDF

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Section: -2-sea Water/ice Discrimination Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Semicircular Sampling to Increase Sea Water/Ice Discrimination Altitude

Nekrasov,

Khachaturian,

Fidge

2024

Emerg Sci J

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“…81% of them mentioned that the software production process in their companies is product centric rather than customer centric. There is a lack of systematic CKM processes in many companies [5,13,20]. Ignoring the utilization of CK in several firms [21,22,23], an inadequate theoretical framework for CKM antecedent factors and a lack of comprehensive theoretical framework for CKM effects on software quality in enterprise software development reflect a fundamental need for further exploration [1,3,9,24,25].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to KBV, CKM are effective organizational factors that enhance software quality in software companies [3,4]. Integrating Customer Knowledge (CK) in enterprise software development is still immature, as it lacks a theoretical framework to fully capture CKM [5,6]. There are significant challenges regarding the transfer and integration of customer knowledge inside software companies [7,8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customer Knowledge Management in Enterprise Software Development Companies: Organizational, Human and Technological Perspective

Khosravi¹,

Rajabzadeh²,

Залога

et al. 2022

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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In this study, Knowledge-Based View (KBV) and Theory of Technology in a Generic Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) Framework were assimilated to demonstrate the Organizational, Human and Technological antecedent factors that enable CKM processes to improve software product quality. A Theoretical CKM Framework was developed by extracting Human, Organizational and Technological factors from the literature, then, the “Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution” (TOPSIS) Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method was applied to find the importance level of factors to CKM development in software companies. The weight and priority of factors were determined by 31 experts in enterprise software development companies. The results show that, from an expert viewpoint, CKM antecedent factors are categorized into high priority and low priority groups. Organizational factors such as “Customer Involvement”, “Customer-Centric Culture” and “CKM Strategy Development” are high priority.

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“…At middle incidence angles, the problem is complicated by the fact that the RCS of the sea ice and sea waves are close in magnitude and the solution is ambiguous [17]. The use of two polarizations for the same incidence angles in a scatterometer is a promising direction [18,19].…”

Section: Incidence Anglesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding

et al. 2022

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Orbital radars are used to monitor the state of the sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The backscattering radar cross section (RCS) is used to determine the type of scattering surface. The power of the reflected signal depends on many factors, so the problem of separating sea ice and sea waves is not always unambiguous. Previous research has shown that microwave Doppler radar installed on aircrafts can be used to determine the boundary of sea ice. The width of the Doppler spectrum for wide or knife-like antenna beam depends on the statistical parameters of the reflecting surface, so sea ice and sea waves are easily separated. However, when installing a Doppler radar on a satellite, the spatial resolution becomes extremely low. In this research, we discuss the possibility of improving the spatial resolution by dividing the antenna footprint into elementary scattering cells. To do this, it is proposed to use the original incoherent synthesis procedure, which allows one to determine the dependence of the RCS on the incidence angle for an elementary scattering cell. Numerical modeling was performed and processing of model data confirmed that sea ice and sea waves are separated. The coefficient of kurtosis was used as a criterion in the algorithm. In addition, for sea waves, it is possible to determine the mean square slopes (mss) of large-scale waves, compared to the electromagnetic wavelength of sea waves along the sounding direction.

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Towards the Sea Ice and Wind Measurement by a C-Band Scatterometer at Dual VV/HH Polarization: A Prospective Appraisal

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Using Semicircular Sampling to Increase Sea Water/Ice Discrimination Altitude

Using Semicircular Sampling to Increase Sea Water/Ice Discrimination Altitude

Customer Knowledge Management in Enterprise Software Development Companies: Organizational, Human and Technological Perspective

On the Problem of the Sea Ice Detection by Orbital Microwave Doppler Radar at the Nadir Sounding

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