Towards the Design of Adaptive Virtual Reality Horror Games: A Model of Players' Fears Using Machine Learning and Player Modeling

Lima, Edirlei Soares de; Silva, Bruno M. C.; Galam, Gabriel Teixeira

doi:10.1109/sbgames51465.2020.00031

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Additionally, the first-person nature means that the participant will see what the character is seeing, allowing for a more accurate representation of gaze behaviour, without any distractions from having to look at the playable character. Finally, the demo was deemed suitably representative of the horror genre in gaming due to aligning with descriptions from past research (Lima et al, 2020) as well as belonging to the most frightening horror gaming franchise as suggested when Lynch and Martins (2015) interviewed university students regarding the matter, signifying its importance to the world of horror video games. Concluding the evaluation of the measures, the FQ strengthened the study design, as suggested by past research evaluating it positively, with a proposed high retest reliability and an immunity to social desirability bias (Marks & Matthews, 1979;Arrindell & Buikhuisen, 1992;Gills et al, 1995).…”

Section: Strengths Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…C While tentative theories can be formulated in relation to gaze behaviour in horror gamers, such as effectiveness of vision use or possible improvements in visual capabilities when immersed in shadowed environments, there is a shortfall of research in this area (to the best of the researcher's knowledge). The common integration of visual stimuli as horror elements in this genre of games, such as darkness and apparitions (Lima et al, 2020), engenders a significance to the paucity of research. Therefore, the proposal to integrate gaze behaviour into horror game research proves compelling (Ningalei & Wöhrman, 2018).…”

Section: Gaze Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To See and Fear: A Pilot Study on Gaze Behaviour in Horror Gaming

Griffith

2024

Preprint

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Objective: Inspired by the growing popularity of the horror genre, its intense psychological resonance, frequent use of visual horror stimuli, and the dearth of research in the area, this pilot study aimed to explore differences in fixation percentage regarding horror stimuli and fixation number across individuals split between three groups (horror/ gamer; horror/ non-gamer; non-horror/ gamer). Method: 12 participants were recruited and asked a series of questions to determine group, followed by questions from the Fear Questionnaire. Succeeding this, they were equipped with Tobii Pro Eye-Tracking Glasses and allowed to begin a short video game demo, being Resident Evil 7 Teaser: Beginning Hour, chosen due to its firstperson perspective, lack of combat, and shadowed environments. Results: Independent T-Tests revealed no significant differences in fixation number or Fear Questionnaire scores, with one of two demo scenarios extracted for analysis showing significant differences across groups. Conclusion: It is possible that game design or resilience/ desensitisation can explain a lack of consistently significant results, as can a lack of sample power. The demo was deemed appropriate for the study design and the easily replicable procedure lends itself to suggestions for future studies to continue research in this area.

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Section: Strengths Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Gaze Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%