Towards ternary binders involving limestone additions — A review

Dhandapani, Yuvaraj; Santhanam, Manu; Kaladharan, Gopakumar; Ramanathan, Sivakumar

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106396

Cited by 167 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…In addition, the incorporation of limestone in ternary binders (FL and SL series) generally reduced the mechanical performance of the mortars, compared to the rest of binders with slag and/or fly ash (S, F, and SF series). These results were also coincident with most of those already described, showing the effects of this non-active addition [ 21 , 65 ]. Lastly, it is interesting to highlight the similar or even better flexural and compressive strengths observed at 250 days for most of the binders with at least one active addition (slag and/or fly ash) in comparison with reference mortars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Finally, the limestone addition produced a reduction in electrical resistivity when it was incorporated into the binder, as showed the comparison between mortars with slag (SL series had lower resistivity compared to S and SF series) and between those with fly ash (FL series had lower resistivity in comparison with SF and F series). This would be in accordance with pore size distributions, being in relation to the only filler effect of limestone [ 21 , 65 ], without hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, previously discussed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…With respect to the ternary binders with limestone (SL and FL mortars), a slight loss of pore refinement at 28 days has been noted in comparison with the binary binders with slag and fly ash additions (S and F series). This may be related to the presence of limestone, which is an addition without hydraulic or pozzolanic activity [ 21 , 65 ], only having a filler effect in the microstructure, so its incorporation would not produce an additional solid phases formation, as occurred with fly ash and slag. Despite that, the development of slag hydration and fly ash pozzolanic reactions, favored by the high relative humidity and water provided by the environment, as has been previously explained, would reduce the influence of limestone in the microstructure of these ternary binders at 28 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most popular of them is limestone. This addition act as filler in cementitious materials, having a positive influence on their pore network, fresh and hardened properties [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these ternary binders, incorporating two additions could bring a better performance of cementitious materials due to the possible synergetic effects of their combination [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Then, to study the behavior of cement-based materials with ternary binders [ 21 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] focused on the use of these binders for commercial cements manufacture would constitute a potential field of investigation for providing more alternatives to cut down the ecological impacts of cement production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effects of a Real Exposure Class XC4 Mediterranean Climate Environment in the Behavior of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone

2021

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For improving the contribution of the cement industry to mitigate global warming, many strategies have been put into practice, such as the use of eco-friendly cements with the incorporation of additions substituting clinker. Nevertheless, the use of ternary binders for the production of commercial cements is still reduced, particularly in Spain. The purpose of this research is to characterize the long-term influence produced by the exposure to a real in situ inland Mediterranean climate condition in the pore network, parameters related to durability and mechanical performance of mortars made with ternary binders, which incorporated limestone, fly ash, and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, in comparison with mortars without additions and binary blended mortars. The site verified the specifications of exposure class XC4 of Eurocode 2. The ternary and binary binders accomplished the prescriptions of cement type CEM II/B. The pore network was studied with mercury intrusion porosimetry and electrical resistivity. Water absorption, diffusion coefficient, carbonation depth, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strengths have been determined. The exposure to the environment produced after 250 days an increase in porosity, a loss of pore refinement, a rise of the carbonation depths, and a reduction in the mechanical strengths, highlighting the better overall performance of ternary mortar with both fly ash and slag.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of a Real Exposure Class XC4 Mediterranean Climate Environment in the Behavior of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone

2021

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Shear design and life cycle assessment of novel limestone calcined clay cement reinforced concrete beams

Huang

Deng

Zhao

et al. 2023

Structural Concrete

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To reduce the impact on global warming, many countries and regions are advocating the use of low‐carbon and green supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to improve the cement industry. This study investigates the shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams made with a novel green concrete, limestone, calcined clay, and cement clinker (LC3). Full‐scale shear tests were conducted on RC and LC3‐RC beams to evaluate their fundamental behavior for structural applications. The shear resistance of LC3 concrete beams was evaluated using Chinese, American, and Eurocode codes, while carbon emission and environmental impact were analyzed by life cycle assessment (LCA). Results showed that LC3‐RC and RC beams exhibited similar shear behavior in terms of crack initiation, propagation, and development. The increase in concrete strength improved the stiffness of LC3‐RC specimens, while RC specimens remained unchanged. The ductility of RC specimens was inversely proportional to concrete strength, while LC3‐RC beams exhibited optimal ductility. The increase in stirrup ratio significantly improved the shear resistance of both LC3‐RC and RC beams. With increased shear‐span ratio, the failure mode of LC3 specimens improved, changing from diagonal‐compression to shear compression or diagonal tension failure. The shear resistance of both LC3‐RC and RC beams was underestimated by GB 50010‐2010, ACI 318‐19, and Eurocode 2. LC3 concrete significantly reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions and achieved favorable environmental benefits in terms of GWP, PMFP, POFP, TAP, and TETP. Increasing usage of limestone in LC3 may further decrease environmental potential without sacrificing mechanical properties. The findings of this study contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly structures in engineering.

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A Review on Durability Performance of Calcined Clay Binders for Adoption in the Construction Industry

Dhandapani

Bernal

2023

RILEM Bookseries

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Towards ternary binders involving limestone additions — A review

Cited by 167 publications

References 235 publications

Effects of a Real Exposure Class XC4 Mediterranean Climate Environment in the Behavior of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone

Effects of a Real Exposure Class XC4 Mediterranean Climate Environment in the Behavior of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone

Shear design and life cycle assessment of novel limestone calcined clay cement reinforced concrete beams

A Review on Durability Performance of Calcined Clay Binders for Adoption in the Construction Industry

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