Towards strong light-matter coupling at the single-resonator level with sub-wavelength mid-infrared nano-antennas

Malerba, Mario; Ongarello, T.; Paulillo, Bruno; Manceau, Jean‐Michel; Beaudoin, G.; Sagnes, I.; Angelis, Francesco De; Colombelli, R.

doi:10.1063/1.4958330

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…30 and 2Ω R /ω = 0.05 in Ref. 31). We use the dependence of the polariton splitting on the effective mode volume as a near field probe to estimate the highly subwavelength volume of our resonators in comparison with reference microcavity systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We can see that the intersubband plasmon frequencies obtained in the two cases strongly differ from our measurement, confirming the analysis presented above. 29,31,32 In order to improve further the strength of the light-matter coupling, we designed a second sample with an identical absorbing region, but with an increased thickness of the cavity (320 nm) and and increased doping density in the outermost GaAs layers (6 × 10 18 cm −3 ). After processing into patch cavities and LC metamaterials, we perform the same experiments as described above (see Supplementary materials for details).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastrong Light–Matter Coupling in Deeply Subwavelength THz LC Resonators

et al. 2019

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The ultra-strong light-matter coupling regime has been demonstrated in a novel threedimensional inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit resonator, embedding a semiconductor twodimensional electron gas in the capacitive part. The fundamental resonance of the LC circuit interacts with the intersubband plasmon excitation of the electron gas at ω c = 3.3 THz with a normalized coupling strength 2Ω R /ω c = 0.27. Light matter interaction is driven by the quasi-static electric field in the capacitors, and takes place in a highly subwavelength effective volume V eff = 10 −6 λ 3 0 . This enables the observation of the ultra-strong light-matter coupling with 2.4 × 10 3 electrons only. Notably, our fabrication protocol can be applied to the integration of a semiconductor region into arbitrary nano-engineered three dimensional meta-atoms. This circuit architecture can be considered the building block of metamaterials for ultra-low dark current detectors. Metamaterials were introduced to enable new electromagnetic properties of matter which are not naturally found in nature. Celebrated examples of such achievements are, for instance, negative refraction 1 and artificial magnetism. 2 The unit cells of metamaterials are artificially designed meta-atoms that have dimensions ideally much smaller than the wavelength of interest λ 0 . 3 Such meta-atoms act as high frequency inductor-capacitor (LC) resonators which sustain a resonance close to λ 0 ∝ √ LC. 3 The resonant behaviour, occurring into highly subwavelength volumes, generates high electromagnetic field intensities which, as pointed out by the seminal paper of Pendry et al., 2 are crucial to implement artificial electromagnetic properties of a macroscopic ensemble of meta-atoms. Moreover, the ability to control and enhance the electromagnetic field at the nanoscale is beneficial for optoelectronic devices, such as nano-lasers 4 electromagnetic sensors 5-7 and detectors. 8-12 For instance, metamaterial architectures have lead to a substantial decrease of the thermally excited dark current in quantum infrared detectors, resulting in higher temperature operation. 11,12The LC circuit can be seen as a quantum har-

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastrong Light–Matter Coupling in Deeply Subwavelength THz LC Resonators

et al. 2019

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“…Attempts have been made to reach the single-antenna regime by gradually reducing the total number of array elements, and by increasing the separation between antennae in the array [4,5]. However, neither of these approaches reached the single nanoantenna regime, because the signal became too weak to be detected.…”

Section: Nano-antennas For Investigations Of Isb Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field probing of strong light-matter coupling in single IR antennae

Mitrofanov

Wang

Habteyes

et al. 2020

Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications XI

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Quantum well intersubband polaritons are traditionally studied in large scale systems, over many wavelengths in size. In this presentation, we demonstrate that it is possible to detect and investigate intersubband polaritons in a single subwavelength nanoantenna in the IR frequency range. We observe polariton formation using a scattering-type near-field microscope and nano-FTIR spectroscopy. We will discuss near-field spectroscopic signatures of plasmonic antennae with and without coupling to the intersubband transition in quantum wells located underneath the antenna. Evanescent field amplitude spectra recorded on the antenna surface show a mode anti-crossing behavior in the strong coupling case. We also observe a corresponding strong-coupling signature in the phase of the detected field. We anticipate that this near-field approach will enable explorations of strong and ultrastrong light-matter coupling in the single nanoantenna regime, including investigations of the elusive effect of ISB polariton condensation.

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“…As appropriate nanofabrication methods become more and more available, different fields have started to benefit from the miniaturization of nanopillars: ongoing research has demonstrated the great potential of nanopillars in photonic crystal structures for the control of a broad range light propagation in broad range of novel optoelectronic devices. Replacing micropillars with nanopillars has proven extremely beneficial also in fields such as nanotechnology, bioelectronics, and biosensors, where devices are being made with increasingly smaller features .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐/Nanopillars for Micro‐ and Nanotechnologies Using Inductively Coupled Plasmas

Herth

Edmond

Bouville

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Herein, the plasma etching mask transfer of the resistance of e‐beam resists, both negative and positive, as well as nanoparticle masks and hard masks are investigated. Various microscale and nanoscale features are exposed under plasma etching chemistries and are examined through both Bosch and pseudo‐Bosch processes using an inductive‐coupled plasma‐deep reactive ion etching (ICP‐DRIE) system. The selection of masks transfer proposed in this work provides better flexibility and cost‐effective processing. The etch profile depending on plasma etching process and feature size is studied and highlighted. In particular, nanopillars are etched to a length of 10 μm and a diameter of 280 nm with a good aspect ratio (>30) yielding a selectivity of better than 100:1 and a satisfactory vertical profile.

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Towards strong light-matter coupling at the single-resonator level with sub-wavelength mid-infrared nano-antennas

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Ultrastrong Light–Matter Coupling in Deeply Subwavelength THz LC Resonators

Ultrastrong Light–Matter Coupling in Deeply Subwavelength THz LC Resonators

Near-field probing of strong light-matter coupling in single IR antennae

Micro‐/Nanopillars for Micro‐ and Nanotechnologies Using Inductively Coupled Plasmas

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