Towards smart monitored AM: Open source in-situ layer-wise 3D printing image anomaly detection using histograms of oriented gradients and a physics-based rendering engine

Waste Plastic Direct Extrusion Hangprinter

“…There is obviously more research that needs to be put into using this type of hybrid FPF hangprinter with other polymer materials, as well as other materials and composites. Future work needs a way to auto calibrate the hangprinter with machine vision as well as use machine vision to auto correct print errors [64]. Finally, there is a need to fully optimize printing parameters and fix issues that cause increasing errors moving away from the center position.…”

Hangprinter for large scale additive manufacturing using fused particle fabrication with recycled plastic and continuous feeding

“… Description Setting Layer height 0.15 mm Infill density 80 % Wall Thickness 0.8 mm Support Material No supports Ensure all parts have good layer adhesion as well as no distorted or missing layers. To assess the quality of the print and determine if a reprint is to be done, perform a visual inspection as summarized in [59] or use computer vision-based layer-wise 3-D printing analysis [60] , [61] . As the Hangprinter components require sufficiently strong parts to hold up a relatively heavy end effector, any deficient parts should be reprinted.…”

“…Parts Required: (13) M8 Bolts and (13)M8 nuts (4) M3 Hex nylon screws(16 mm) and (20) M3 nuts (3) M3 Hex nylon screws (25 mm) (12) M3, 50 mm long screw from M3 Hex Socket Cap Screw set (13) 608 (608ZZ) Bearings (10) 623 (623ZZ) Bearings (12) plastic eyelets (13) “bearing_u_608” (10) “bearing_u_623” (2) “line_roller_anchor_half_tilt.stl” (2) “line_roller_anchor_half_tilt_mirrored.stl” (2) “line_roller_anchor_straight.stl” “tilted_line_deflector.stl” “tilted_line_deflector_mirrored.stl” “line_roller_double.stl” “line_roller_wire_rewinder.stl” “line_verticalizer.stl” “horizontal_line_deflector.stl” Print the above components and follow the part inspection guidelines set in [59] or [60] , [61] . Cap all 13 of the 608 bearings with each of the printed “bearing_u_608” part as shown in Fig.…”

“…Make cuts along these lines using a circular saw or any other appropriate saw. Print all of the “line_roller_anchor_xx_xx” parts and inspect for any deformities or errors according to the inspection method outlined in [59] or [60] , [61] . Print the “line_roller_anchor_template” part.…”

Open source surgical fracture table for digitally distributed manufacturing

“…3-D printed components, in-situ process monitoring can be used [59,60] of which several open source approaches [61] including those using computer vision and a two camera [62,63] and single camera are available [64,65]. Such continuous monitoring with a computer vision ensures that there is no under extrusion on the 100% infill in the 3-D print, that is difficult to detect in the final component.…”