Towards Secure Digital Twins

Kulik, Tomas; Gomes, Cláudio; Macedo, Hugo Daniel; Hallerstede, Stefan; Larsen, Peter Gorm

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19762-8_11

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The attack categorization and definitions can be slightly different for different application contexts. Figure 8 depicts the CBMS cyberattacks classification depending on the CIA requirements attacked [44,50,51]. It should be noted that in some attack conditions, more than one CIA requirement might become compromised.…”

Section: Attack Types and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding sniffing attacks, Ref. [50] illustrates bandwidth sniffing attacks in which the attacker can gain bandwidth information used between the BMS and CBMS to discover some information about BMS, e.g., active components of the BMS and their related activities. The graphical description of the bandwidth sniffing attack is shown in Figure 9.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The graphical description of the bandwidth sniffing attack is shown in Figure 9. This attack is considered an indirect side-channel attack in which indirect information is used to gain knowledge about the system, with the possible intention to construct and launch more complex attack scenarios [50]. In Figure 9, activities refer to BMS functions or processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Availability attacks: Refers to the denial-of-service (DoS), in which the attacker seeks to make the CBMS services unavailable to EVs [50]. DoS can be fulfilled by either flooding the network or crashing the network.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cyber-Physical Cloud Battery Management Systems: Review of Security Aspects

et al. 2023

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Battery management systems (BMSs) are critical to ensure the efficiency and safety of high-power battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in vehicular and stationary applications. Recently, the proliferation of battery big data and cloud computing advancements has led to the development of a new generation of BMSs, named Cloud BMS (CBMS), aiming to improve the performance and safety of BESSs. The CBMS is a cyber-physical system with connectivity between the physical BMS and a cloud-based virtual BMS, which is realized through a communication channel such as Internet of Things. Compared to the traditional BMS, the CBMS offers significantly higher computational resources, leveraging the implementation of advanced digital twin models and best-in-class algorithms in the BMS software, which will provide superior performances. However, as for any other CPS, the CBMS creates vulnerabilities against cyberattacks and if not properly secured, could end up damaging the BESS and/or causing dangerous, expensive, and life-threatening situations. Cybersecurity of the CBMSs has thus become a trending topic and several works have been published in this area in recent years. This paper conducts a scoping review to address different topics related to BMS cybersecurity. The CBMS architecture is presented, and the potential cyberattack surfaces are identified. Different possible attack scenarios, including attack points, attack types, and their impact at the component level (BMS and BESS) and system level (vehicle or grid), are discussed. In addition, the paper provides a review of potential countermeasures to protect the CBMS against cyberattacks. The paper also includes a review of the applicable standards and regulations that relate to this trending topic. Finally, based on the reviewed gaps, potential future research domains on BMS cybersecurity topics are identified and presented at the end of the paper.

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Section: Attack Types and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cyber-Physical Cloud Battery Management Systems: Review of Security Aspects

et al. 2023

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“…Usually, security assumptions are made to design and operate the IoT infrastructure that might be at risk of not being fully technologically capable of eliminating potential security threats. Given this insight, virtual prototyping is implemented to evaluate the security vulnerabilities of primary system design, security software, and other IoT configurations, aiming to make them secure against firstorder attacks [23]. A prototyping infrastructure can help to explore situations of accidental failure in order to avoid hazards and thus maintain the overall system's safety.…”

Section: Safety and Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Prototyping for Modern Internet-of-Things Applications: A Survey

Kabir

Ray

2023

IEEE Access

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Modern technological industries fused with the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have been advancing rapidly. The joint usage of several technologies has led to the reshaping of the modeling and simulation techniques into the virtualization of physical systems. Thus, the concept of virtual prototyping has emerged as a significant development in distributed IoT applications that includes early exploration, optimization, and security assessments. Several industries have been employing various types of prototyping e.g., virtual platforms, digital twins, and application-specific virtualization techniques, to achieve individual needs for development. In this survey, we clarify some of these concepts and the distinctions between them, provide a comprehensive overview of various prototyping technologies, and discuss how several virtualization technologies play a transformative role in the design and operation of intelligent cyber-physical systems.

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A review of digital twins and their application in cybersecurity based on artificial intelligence

Homaei,

Mogollón-Gutiérrez,

Sancho

et al. 2024

Artif Intell Rev

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The potential of digital twin technology is yet to be fully realised due to its diversity and untapped potential. Digital twins enable systems’ analysis, design, optimisation, and evolution to be performed digitally or in conjunction with a cyber-physical approach to improve speed, accuracy, and efficiency over traditional engineering methods. Industry 4.0, factories of the future, and digital twins continue to benefit from the technology and provide enhanced efficiency within existing systems. Due to the lack of information and security standards associated with the transition to cyber digitisation, cybercriminals have been able to take advantage of the situation. Access to a digital twin of a product or service is equivalent to threatening the entire collection. There is a robust interaction between digital twins and artificial intelligence tools, which leads to strong interaction between these technologies, so it can be used to improve the cybersecurity of these digital platforms based on their integration with these technologies. This study aims to investigate the role of artificial intelligence in providing cybersecurity for digital twin versions of various industries, as well as the risks associated with these versions. In addition, this research serves as a road map for researchers and others interested in cybersecurity and digital security.

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Towards Secure Digital Twins

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Cyber-Physical Cloud Battery Management Systems: Review of Security Aspects

Cyber-Physical Cloud Battery Management Systems: Review of Security Aspects

Virtual Prototyping for Modern Internet-of-Things Applications: A Survey

A review of digital twins and their application in cybersecurity based on artificial intelligence

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