Towards producing high-quality lignin-based carbon fibers: A review of crucial factors affecting lignin properties and conversion techniques

Qu, Wangda; Yang, Jianming; Sun, Xiao Ming; Bai, Xianglan; Jin, Huixin; Zhang, Meng

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.187

Cited by 60 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…In recent years, to meet the huge market demand for CFs, great efforts have been focused on developing sustainable and low-cost CFs with comparable properties, and the related research progress in this field has been reviewed by different research groups all over the world. 1–15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Considering the high-carbon property, lignin is a suitable precursor for preparing carbon-based materials after high-temperature treatment. 9 In addition, lignin is a low-cost CFs precursor with high renewability and availability. Therefore, the development of lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs) could not only promote the value-added utilization of lignin, but also reduce the production cost of CFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prepare LCFs with practical market value and applicability, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2013 proposed a minimum tensile strength/modulus value of 1.72 GPa/172 GPa, which became the target for LCFs since then. 9 Recently, the strength/modulus values of some LCFs prepared have approached this minimum requirement, demonstrating the feasibility of producing high-quality LCFs. Meanwhile, the application of LCFs in different fields has been rapidly growing, which indicates that the current development of LCFs has started on the road of diversified development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recent advances in lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs): precursors, fabrications, properties, and applications

Sun

Wen

et al. 2022

Green Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recent advances in lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs): precursors, fabrications, properties, and applications

Sun

Wen

et al. 2022

Green Chem.

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“…Carbon fiber (CF) is made of thin, strong crystalline carbon filaments, and aims to strengthen the developed composite materials [ 93 , 94 , 95 ]. The diameter of the CF can reach up to 5 microns (sometimes below), increasing its strength when twisted together like yarn.…”

Section: Types Of Synthetic Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Synthetic Fibers for Polymer Matrix Composites: Performance, Failure Modes and Applications

Rajak¹,

Wagh²,

Linul

2022

Materials

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In the last decade, synthetic fiber, as a reinforcing specialist, has been mainly used in polymer matrix composites (PMC’s) to provide lightweight materials with improved stiffness, modulus, and strength. The significant feature of PMC’s is their reinforcement. The main role of the reinforcement is to withstand the load applied to the composite. However, in order to fulfill its purpose, the reinforcements must meet some basic criteria such as: being compatible with the matrix, making chemical or adhesion bonds with the matrix, having properties superior to the matrix, presenting the optimal orientation in composite and, also, having a suitable shape. The current review reveals a detailed study of the current progress of synthetic fibers in a variety of reinforced composites. The main properties, failure modes, and applications of composites based on synthetic fibers are detailed both according to the mentioned criteria and according to their types (organic or inorganic fibers). In addition, the choice of classifications, applications, and properties of synthetic fibers is largely based on their physical and mechanical characteristics, as well as on the synthesis process. Finally, some future research directions and challenges are highlighted.

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“…Among them, lignin as a kind of biomass carbon precursor is considered with broad application prospects due to its high carbon yield, large space for molecular structure modification, and abundant industrial sources ( Dai et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2019b ; Chen et al, 2020b ; Chen et al, 2020c ; Dai et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020a ; Zhou et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2022 ). In addition, researchers are committed to designing and manufacturing advanced lignin carbon fibers with high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and appropriate pore size using electrostatic spinning technology, and this technique has obvious advantages over other preparation methods in controlling the fiber inner diameter, surface morphology, and orientation degree ( Qu et al, 2021 ; Thongsai et al, 2021 ). However, pure lignin has a low molecular weight and is not easily spinnable into fibers in practical applications ( An et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based/Polypyrrole Carbon Nanofiber Electrode With Enhanced Electrochemical Properties by Electrospun Method

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Tailoring the structure and properties of lignin is an important step toward electrochemical applications. In this study, lignin/polypyrrole (PPy) composite electrode films with microporous and mesoporous structures were designed effectively by electrostatic spinning, carbonization, and in situ polymerization methods. The lignin can not only reduce the cost of carbon fiber but also increase the specific surface area of composite films due to the removal of carbonyl and phenolic functional groups of lignin during carbonization. Besides, the compact three-dimensional (3D) conductive network structures were constructed with PPy particles densely coated on the lignin nanofibers, which was helpful to improve the conductivity and fast electron transfer during the charging and discharging processes. The synthesized lignin carbon fibers/PPy anode materials had good electrochemical performance in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The results showed that, at a current density of 1 A g−1, the lignin carbon nanofibers/PPy (LCNFs/PPy) had a larger specific capacitance of 213.7 F g−1 than carbon nanofibers (CNFs), lignin carbon nanofibers (LCNFs), and lignin/PPy fiber (LPAN/PPy). In addition, the specific surface area of LCNFs/PPy reached 872.60 m2 g−1 and the average pore size decreased to 2.50 nm after being coated by PPy. Therefore, the independent non-binder and self-supporting conductive film is expected to be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors with high performance.

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Towards producing high-quality lignin-based carbon fibers: A review of crucial factors affecting lignin properties and conversion techniques

Cited by 60 publications

References 143 publications

Recent advances in lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs): precursors, fabrications, properties, and applications

Recent advances in lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs): precursors, fabrications, properties, and applications

A Review on Synthetic Fibers for Polymer Matrix Composites: Performance, Failure Modes and Applications

Lignin-Based/Polypyrrole Carbon Nanofiber Electrode With Enhanced Electrochemical Properties by Electrospun Method

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