Towards minimizing transport of aquatic nuisance species in ballast water: Do organisms in different size classes respond uniformly to biocidal treatment?

First, Matthew R.; Robbins-Wamsley, Stephanie H.; Riley, Scott C.; Drake, Lisa A.

doi:10.1007/s10530-015-1036-7

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, the variability in the composition and physiological status of organisms in natural seawater complicates predicting their evolution after the treatment application . Organisms are inactivated in different extent according to the applied UV dose and their resistance (Sutherland et al 2001;First et al 2016), conditioning the evolution of the biological community, and thus the invasive potential once the ballast water is released into the ocean (Hess-Erga et al 2010;van der Star et al 2011). Future research will be focused to the application of the premises exposed in this paper to other cultured species and more complex assemblages, such as natural seawater, where the interactions between organisms and environment define the evolution of the biological community after the UV treatment.…”

Section: Validation and Contextualization Of Disinfection Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ultraviolet disinfection of microalgae by growth modeling: application to ballast water treatment

et al. 2016

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Ultraviolet disinfection is a frequent option for eliminating viable organisms in ballast water to fulfill international and national regulations. The objective of this work is to evaluate the reduction of microalgae able to reproduce after UV irradiation, based on their growth features. A monoculture of microalgae Tisochrysis lutea was irradiated with different ultraviolet doses (UV-C 254 nm) by a flow-through reactor. A replicate of each treated sample was held in the dark for 5 days simulating a treatment during the ballasting; another replicate was incubated directly under the light, corresponding to the treatment application during de-ballasting. Periodic measurements of cell density were taken in order to obtain the corresponding growth curves. Irradiated samples depicted a regrowth following a logistic curve in concordance with the applied UV dose. By modeling these curves, it is possible to obtain the initial concentration of organisms able to reproduce for each applied UV dose, thus obtaining the dose-survival profiles, needed to determine the disinfection kinetics. These dose-survival profiles enable detection of a synergic effect between the ultraviolet irradiation and a subsequent dark period; in this sense, the UV dose applied during the ballasting operation and subsequent dark storage exerts a strong influence on microalgae survival. The proposed methodology, based on growth modeling, established a framework for comparing the UV disinfection by different devices and technologies on target organisms. This procedure may also assist the understanding of the evolution of treated organisms in more complex assemblages such as those that exist in natural ballast water.

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Section: Validation and Contextualization Of Disinfection Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ultraviolet disinfection of microalgae by growth modeling: application to ballast water treatment

et al. 2016

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“…BWMSs use a series of treatments, including mechanical, physical, and chemical methods, to reduce AIS in ballast water to meet the standards enacted by the IMO. Ballast water disinfection by electro-chlorination (EC) is one of the most effective methods for deactivating different AIS. − However, as previously discussed, because of the low efficiency of this method for TC generation, the power consumption for generating the required TC level is high . In addition, the use of neutralizing agents to deactivate the high levels of the remaining TC (after disinfection) is the main limitation of EC .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection-Dechlorination Battery for Safe Water Production

et al. 2021

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With increasing population growth, it is necessary to meet safe water demands. Water disinfection through chlorination is the most commonly used method for safe water production. The electrolysis of salted water is a promising technology for the on-site generation of disinfecting agents, however, its low efficiency and inability to neutralize the remaining free chlorine makes electrolysis inefficient. The introduction of a cation permeable membrane between anode and cathode can help to improve the disinfection efficiency and also dechlorinate the remained free chlorine by switching the anode and cathode. However, the scale formation on the membrane will reduce the performance of the system. In this study, with using a Na-selective membrane for separating anode and cathode, we propose a disinfection-dechlorination battery (DD-battery) consisting of an anode for energy storage through Na + reduction to metal Na and a cathode for disinfection via Cl − oxidation to free chlorine species. The stored energy in the anode is released during discharge, and the system can dechlorinate the remaining free chlorine to prevent disinfectant toxicity. This self-disinfectiondechlorination during battery cycling can be combined with renewable energy sources for efficient water disinfection in remote regions.

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“…BWMS filter mesh size was the most significant factor affecting compliance for the in-line sampled ships. Although most BWMS technologies include a filtration unit (First et al, 2016;Hess-Erga et al, 2019;Lakshmi et al, 2021), there are various sizes of filtration units and filter screens, with different filtration technologies affecting the mechanical removal of larger organisms from ballast water (e.g., Tsolaki and Diamadopoulos, 2010;Sayinli et al, 2022). Therefore, filtration technology may impact the removal of larger organisms as much as the pore size of the filter screen utilized.…”

Section: Ship-specific Factors Affecting Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological testing of ships’ ballast water indicates challenges for the implementation of the Ballast Water Management Convention

Outinen,

Bailey,

Casas-Monroy

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Ships’ ballast water and sediments are vectors that contribute to the unintentional spread of aquatic non-native species globally. Ballast water management, as well as commissioning testing of ballast water management systems and compliance monitoring under the regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) aim at minimizing the unwanted spread of organisms. This study compiles data for treated ballast water samples collected and analyzed from 228 ships during 2017–2023. The samples were collected from the ballast discharge line or directly from the ballast tank for enumeration of living organism concentrations in the categories of ≥50µm and <50 to ≥10µm -sized organisms, as well as indicator microbes in comparison to the ballast water performance standard of the IMO (Regulation D-2). In addition, several ship-specific factors were examined to infer potential factors affecting compliance rates. Nearly all ships were compliant with the ballast water performance standard for indicator microbes and <50 to ≥10µm -sized organisms, whereas almost half of all samples exceeded the limit of ten viable organisms m-3 for the ≥50µm -sized organisms. Compliance testing results did not differ significantly between sampling years, indicating that compliance rate did not change through time. The rate of compliance was higher for commissioning testing than compliance testing. Clear ship- or system-specific factors that lead to compliance or non-compliance were not detected, even though type of ballast water management system, filter mesh size associated with the system and source of ballast water affected compliance significantly either for the samples taken from the discharge line, or ballast tank. As compliance did not improve significantly over time, compliance testing of ships’ ballast water should be undertaken to ensure that the systems remain operational after commissioning and ships meet requirements of the D-2 standard. Furthermore, the study outcomes promote further research on the efficiency of filter mesh sizes and different filtration units associated with ballast water management systems, to improve mechanical removal of larger organisms. Finally, as several ships exceeded the compliance limit by hundreds or thousands of living organisms, technological advancements and operational measures may be needed to improve the overall reliability of ballast water management.

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Towards minimizing transport of aquatic nuisance species in ballast water: Do organisms in different size classes respond uniformly to biocidal treatment?

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of ultraviolet disinfection of microalgae by growth modeling: application to ballast water treatment

Evaluation of ultraviolet disinfection of microalgae by growth modeling: application to ballast water treatment

Disinfection-Dechlorination Battery for Safe Water Production

Biological testing of ships’ ballast water indicates challenges for the implementation of the Ballast Water Management Convention

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