Disinfection-Dechlorination Battery for Safe Water Production

Abstract

With increasing population growth, it is necessary to meet safe water demands. Water disinfection through chlorination is the most commonly used method for safe water production. The electrolysis of salted water is a promising technology for the on-site generation of disinfecting agents, however, its low efficiency and inability to neutralize the remaining free chlorine makes electrolysis inefficient. The introduction of a cation permeable membrane between anode and cathode can help to improve the disinfection efficiency and also dechlorinate the remained free chlorine by switching the anode and cathode. However, the scale formation on the membrane will reduce the performance of the system. In this study, with using a Na-selective membrane for separating anode and cathode, we propose a disinfection-dechlorination battery (DD-battery) consisting of an anode for energy storage through Na + reduction to metal Na and a cathode for disinfection via Cl − oxidation to free chlorine species. The stored energy in the anode is released during discharge, and the system can dechlorinate the remaining free chlorine to prevent disinfectant toxicity. This self-disinfectiondechlorination during battery cycling can be combined with renewable energy sources for efficient water disinfection in remote regions.

Anode-less seawater batteries with a Na-ion conducting solid-polymer electrolyte for power to metal and metal to power energy storage

“…1,2 Interestingly, Na-SWBs can not only be applied as ESS stationary power generation as well as marine and subsea applications, but also have high value-added functions such as desalination, chlorine gas production, and carbon dioxide capture. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Meanwhile, reactive metals are gaining attention as energy carriers suitable for multiple application areas. Reactive metal-based ESSs will be a new alternative to support the clean energy transition, in particular for long-term (seasonal/annual) energy storage.…”

Seawater to resource technologies with NASICON solid electrolyte: a review

“…In this context, we delve into NASICON-based electrochemical systems, as depicted in Figures 7A 1 -A 3 . Figures 7A 1 , A 2 elucidate the structure and mechanism of the Disinfection-Dichlorination battery (DD-battery) during the charging and discharging processes, respectively (Park et al, 2021). Additionally, Figure 7A 3 presents an advanced NASICONbased electrolysis (N-Electrolysis) system utilizing a ceramic membrane between two electrodes, providing a competitive alternative to a simple electrolysis system with two electrodes (Figure 7A 4 ) (Park et al, 2021).…”

“…Figures 7A 1 , A 2 elucidate the structure and mechanism of the Disinfection-Dichlorination battery (DD-battery) during the charging and discharging processes, respectively (Park et al, 2021). Additionally, Figure 7A 3 presents an advanced NASICONbased electrolysis (N-Electrolysis) system utilizing a ceramic membrane between two electrodes, providing a competitive alternative to a simple electrolysis system with two electrodes (Figure 7A 4 ) (Park et al, 2021). These systems rely on anodic chloride oxidation reactions at the positive electrode, resulting in total chlorine (TC) formation, with reaction potentials highly dependent on pH, as illustrated in Eq.…”

Dual‐Use of Seawater Batteries for Energy Storage and Water Desalination

“…Recently, Park et al proposed a disinfection-dechlorination battery with a NASICON ceramic membrane, depicted on the left part of Figure 9E. [195] During the charging process, the Na + moves through the NASICON membrane and deposits on the anode; Cl − or OH − partake at a redox reaction at the cathode (Equations ( 4)-( 7)). The produced HOCl, ClO − , and Cl 2 could kill microbes in the water.…”