Towards equilibrium during tempering a high-speed steel

Wright, Christopher S.; Irani, R. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00549830

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…EDX point analyser as well as X-ray mapping was used qualitatively to recognize the type of carbides using comparison the results with those published in literatures. 19,20) WDX analyser was used quantitatively to determine the carbides formula. It was calibrated with pure elements and its results were corrected with ZAF (atomic numbers, absorption and fluorescence effect).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ti and Nb on the Formation of Carbides and the Mechanical Properties in As-cast AISI-M7 High-speed Steel.

Kheirandish

2001

ISIJ International

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In this research, the carbides of as-cast AISI M7 high-speed steel, in which different amounts of V and W were replaced by equivalent Ti and Nb, were investigated using light and electron microscope. EDX and WDX analysers were used in order to recognize the type and formulae of carbides. The volume fractions of each type of carbides are determined using especial etchant, so that the effects of Nb and Ti on the carbides types, shapes and volume percentages could be understand.The results show that Nb and Ti increase the volume fraction of MC instead of M 2 C or M 6 C and decrease the volume fractions of total carbides. It is also found that, the volume fractions of M 2 C decrease and M 6 C increase with increasing Nb percentage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ti and Nb on the Formation of Carbides and the Mechanical Properties in As-cast AISI-M7 High-speed Steel.

Kheirandish

2001

ISIJ International

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“…An energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) point analyzer was qualitatively employed to identify the types of phases (carbide and matrix). Furthermore, the obtained data were used for matching with the published literature [29,30]. Moreover, a wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) analyzer was qualitatively used to distinguish the carbide formula [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Microstructure of Vanadium-Modified Tungsten High-Speed Steel-Coded SAE-AISI T1 Steel

Halfa

Seikh

Abdo

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The essential goal of this research is to evaluate the modification process on phase transformation, matrix chemical composition, and precipitated carbide types for modified SAE-AISI T1 steel and their effects on the hardness values after optimum heat treatment conditions. This research adopts the alloying design strategy to enhance one of the most important tools steel coded SAE-AISI T1 (T12001). Therefore, two alloying enhancement processes took place through partial or total tungsten replacement. Investigated steel was modified first through the addition of vanadium and then through the addition of vanadium and carbon. Substitute 5 wt modified SAE-AISI T1 steel. % tungsten with 1 wt. % vanadium, in addition to carbon content, varied from 0 to 1 wt. %. Therefore, to fulfill the goals of this work, Thermo-Calc software was utilized to get the following: (i) thermodynamic equilibrium information, (ii) the expected microstructure, (iii) the constituent volume fraction, and (iv) carbide chemical composition. The chemical composition of the expected phases was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). In addition, volume fractions of different constituents were estimated by using Thermo-Calc software and authenticated by the imaging analysis process. The experimental findings for the variations in the chemical composition of the matrix and eutectic carbides precipitated, e.g., MC and M6C carbides, agree well with the calculated findings. Tungsten replacement by vanadium with and without extra carbon at traditional SAE-AISI T1 steel encourages MC carbide formation instead of M6C, M23C6, and M7C3 carbides. MC carbide precipitated in vanadium with extra carbon-modified steel contains more carbon, chromium, and tungsten but less vanadium compared with vanadium-modified steel. Vanadium with extra carbon-modified steel precipitated more M6C carbide and gamma-austenite. Hardness measurements emphasized that modified steel is a promising material for its use as a tooling material with low tungsten content and, in turn, produces cutting-tool materials with economical cost.

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“…The composition of the primary carbides in the sintered BT42 steel over the entire sintering range has been described earlier [14][15][16]. The present study mainly concerns with BM2 type of steels.…”

Section: Phases Observed In the As-atomized Powder And Sintered Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallographic observations during the sintering of BM2 type of high speed steels

Maulik

1989

J Mater Sci

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Metallographic changes during the sintering of BM2 type of high speed steels have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, in the range of optimum sintering to oversintering. The primary carbides observed are MaC and a small quantity of MC; in the oversintered structure an additional carbide with eutectic morphology was seen. It is a chromium and molybdenum rich phase in BM2+ 0 to 4% cobalt (0.9 to 1.2% carbon) alloy, whereas in BM2+ 8% cobalt (0.9% carbon) the eutectic phase is MC. Under certain conditions MaC was also detected in the post-sintered alloy.

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Towards equilibrium during tempering a high-speed steel

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Ti and Nb on the Formation of Carbides and the Mechanical Properties in As-cast AISI-M7 High-speed Steel.

Effect of Ti and Nb on the Formation of Carbides and the Mechanical Properties in As-cast AISI-M7 High-speed Steel.

Study on the Microstructure of Vanadium-Modified Tungsten High-Speed Steel-Coded SAE-AISI T1 Steel

Metallographic observations during the sintering of BM2 type of high speed steels

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