Study on the Microstructure of Vanadium-Modified Tungsten High-Speed Steel-Coded SAE-AISI T1 Steel

Abstract

The essential goal of this research is to evaluate the modification process on phase transformation, matrix chemical composition, and precipitated carbide types for modified SAE-AISI T1 steel and their effects on the hardness values after optimum heat treatment conditions. This research adopts the alloying design strategy to enhance one of the most important tools steel coded SAE-AISI T1 (T12001). Therefore, two alloying enhancement processes took place through partial or total tungsten replacement. Investigated steel was modified first through the addition of vanadium and then through the addition of vanadium and carbon. Substitute 5 wt modified SAE-AISI T1 steel. % tungsten with 1 wt. % vanadium, in addition to carbon content, varied from 0 to 1 wt. %. Therefore, to fulfill the goals of this work, Thermo-Calc software was utilized to get the following: (i) thermodynamic equilibrium information, (ii) the expected microstructure, (iii) the constituent volume fraction, and (iv) carbide chemical composition. The chemical composition of the expected phases was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). In addition, volume fractions of different constituents were estimated by using Thermo-Calc software and authenticated by the imaging analysis process. The experimental findings for the variations in the chemical composition of the matrix and eutectic carbides precipitated, e.g., MC and M6C carbides, agree well with the calculated findings. Tungsten replacement by vanadium with and without extra carbon at traditional SAE-AISI T1 steel encourages MC carbide formation instead of M6C, M23C6, and M7C3 carbides. MC carbide precipitated in vanadium with extra carbon-modified steel contains more carbon, chromium, and tungsten but less vanadium compared with vanadium-modified steel. Vanadium with extra carbon-modified steel precipitated more M6C carbide and gamma-austenite. Hardness measurements emphasized that modified steel is a promising material for its use as a tooling material with low tungsten content and, in turn, produces cutting-tool materials with economical cost.

Boosting Mechanical Properties of W6Mo5Cr4V2 Alloy Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition Through Tempering Heat Treatment

“…Secondary carbides, such as M 6 C, M 23 C 6 , MC, and M 7 C 3 , form during the W6Mo5Cr4V2 alloy's condensation process or heat treatment. [ 26,27 ]…”

“…Secondary carbides, such as M 6 C, M 23 C 6 , MC, and M 7 C 3 , form during the W6Mo5Cr4V2 alloy's condensation process or heat treatment. [26,27] In order to examine the carbide types and elements, EDS testing was performed on multiple points, as depicted in Figure 7. Table 1 reveals that the content of Fe, W, Mo, and V elements in fishbone carbides, which are primarily M 6 C-type carbides (points 4, 13, etc.…”

Effect of In Situ NbC-Cr7C3@graphene/Fe Nanocomposite Inoculant Modification and Refinement on the Microstructure and Properties of W18Cr4V High-Speed Steel

“…Specifically, W18Cr4V is more affordable than super-hard materials, making it the most suitable material for cutting tools and drills in various machines. Moreover, it is employed in high-temperature bearings that are required in the aviation field, highly temperature-resistant rolls, and high-load molds [ 1 , 2 ]. The microstructure of as-cast W18Cr4V mainly comprises δ eutectoid, martensite, residual austenite, and eutectic martensite [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Physicochemical Conditions of Boron–Siliconizing of Molybdenum-Based Alloys in Chlorine and Fluorine Medium

“…Thus, with the help of the program "Thermo-Calc" in work [23], state diagrams of multicomponent "hybrid" alloys of the Fe-C-B-W-Mo-V-Cr-Ti system were obtained and described, when the carbon and boron content varied within 0.3-1.1% and 1.5-3.5%, respectively. Halfa et al [24] used this approach to predict the effect of vanadium on phase-structural transformations during the equilibrium crystallization of high-speed tool steel (Fe-C-W-Mo-V-Cr-Si system). The combination of the CALPHAD approach and the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model allows for the simulation of solid-phase transformations.…”