Towards Elucidating the Rotary Mechanism of the Archaellum Machinery

Machado, J Nuno de Sousa; Albers, Sonja‐Verena; Daum, Bertram

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.848597

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…In addition to S-layer proteins, genes for archaellum-related Arl (formerly Fla) proteins (65), i.e., ArlBFGHIJX (MJ1HA_1534 to 1540), were found in the genome of the host archaeon strain MJ1HA (Table S2). The gene (MJ1HA_1540) encoding ArlB was highly expressed in pure culture and coculture (ranked in the top 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell surface architecture of the cultivated DPANN archaeonNanobdella aerobiophila

Kato,

Tahara,

Nishimura

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The DPANN archaeal clade includes obligately ectosymbiotic species. Their cell surfaces potentially play an important role in the symbiotic interaction between the ectosymbionts and their hosts. However, little is known about the mechanism of the ectosymbiosis. Here, we show cell surface structures of the cultivated DPANN archaeonNanobdella aerobiophilastrain MJ1Tand its hostMetallosphaera sedulastrain MJ1HA, using a variety of electron microscopy techniques, i.e., negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), quick-freeze deep-etch (QFDE) TEM, and 3D electron tomography. The thickness, unit size, and lattice symmetry of the S-layer of strain MJ1Twere different from those of the host archaeon strain MJ1HA. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses highlighted the most highly expressed MJ1Tgene for a putative S-layer protein with multiple glycosylation sites and immunoglobulin-like folds, which has no sequence homology to known S-layer proteins. In addition, genes for putative pectin lyase- or lectin-like extracellular proteins, which are potentially involved in symbiotic interaction, were found in the MJ1T genome based on in silico 3D protein structure prediction. Live cell imaging at the optimum growth temperature of 65°C indicated that cell complexes of strains MJ1Tand MJ1HA were motile, but sole MJ1Tcells were not. Taken together, we propose a model of the symbiotic interaction and cell cycle ofNanobdella aerobiophila.ImportanceDPANN archaea are widely distributed in a variety of natural and artificial environments, and may play a considerable role in the microbial ecosystem. All of the cultivated DPANN archaea so far need host organisms for their growth, i.e., obligately ectosymbiotic. However, the mechanism of the ectosymbiosis by DPANN archaea is largely unknown. To this end, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the cultivated DPANN archaeon,Nanobdella aerobiophila, using electron microscopy, live cell imaging, transcriptomics, and genomics including 3D protein structure prediction. Based on the results, we propose a reasonable model of the symbiotic interaction and cell cycle ofNanobdella aerobiophila, which will enhance our understanding of the enigmatic physiology and ecological significance of DPANN archaea.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell surface architecture of the cultivated DPANN archaeonNanobdella aerobiophila

Kato,

Tahara,

Nishimura

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Thus, we examined CheW, CheY, and CheA proteins in further analyses of archaeal chemotaxis systems. We also examined the ArlA and ArlB components of their archaellin systems, which accept signals from the chemotaxis system and induce changes in organism behavior ( 23 , 29 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After autophosphorylation, a phosphoryl group is transferred from CheA to the response regulator CheY ( 17 , 22 ). Phosphorylated CheY interacts with the archaea-specific chemotaxis protein CheF ( 23 ), and the CheF/CheY complex can then change the direction of rotation of the archaellum filament through interaction with the ArlCDE complex of the euryarchaeal archaellum motor ( 21 , 24 – 31 ). Important structural components of the filament (both “major” and “minor”) include ArlA and ArlB archaellins ( 29 , 32 – 36 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Insights into Chemoreceptor Diversity and Habitat Adaptation of Archaea

Cha

Liu

Yang

et al. 2022

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The archaellin genes are often found in a gene cluster 11–13 along with genes encoding components of the archaellum motor complex, such as the ATPase ArlI, which assembles into the hexameric rotor, and the membrane protein anchor ArlJ 11,13 . The components of the archaellum motor also include the ATP-binding protein ArlH 14 and stator proteins ArlF and ArlG 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of ArlI, ArlJ, and CirA in Archaeal Type-IV Pilin-Mediated Motility Regulation

Chatterjee,

Garcia,

Cote

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Many prokaryotes use swimming motility to move toward favorable conditions and escape adverse surroundings. Regulatory mechanisms governing bacterial flagella-driven motility are well-established, however, little is yet known about the regulation underlying swimming motility propelled by the archaeal cell surface structure, the archaella. Previous research showed that deletion of the adhesion pilins (PilA1-6), subunits of the type IV pili cell surface structure, renders the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii non-motile. In this study, we used EMS mutagenesis and a motility assay to identify motile suppressors of the ∆pilA[1-6] strain. Of the eight suppressors identified, six contain missense mutations in archaella biosynthesis genes, arlI and arlJ. Overexpression of these arlI and arlJ mutant constructs in the respective multi-deletion strains ∆pilA[1-6]∆arlI and ∆pilA[1-6]∆arlJ confirmed their role in suppressing the ∆pilA[1-6] motility defect. Additionally, three suppressors harbor co-occurring disruptive missense and nonsense mutations in cirA, a gene encoding a proposed regulatory protein. A deletion of cirA resulted in hypermotility, while cirA overexpression in wild-type cells led to decreased motility. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that in wild-type cells, higher expression levels of arlI, arlJ, and the archaellin gene arlA1 were observed in motile early-log phase rod-shaped cells compared to non-motile mid-log phase disk-shaped cells. Conversely, ∆cirA cells, which form rods during both early and mid-log phases, exhibited similar expression levels of arl genes in both growth phases. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing archaeal motility, highlighting the involvement of ArlI, ArlJ, and CirA in pilin-mediated motility regulation.

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Towards Elucidating the Rotary Mechanism of the Archaellum Machinery

Cited by 13 publications

References 74 publications

Cell surface architecture of the cultivated DPANN archaeonNanobdella aerobiophila

Cell surface architecture of the cultivated DPANN archaeonNanobdella aerobiophila

Comparative Genomic Insights into Chemoreceptor Diversity and Habitat Adaptation of Archaea

Involvement of ArlI, ArlJ, and CirA in Archaeal Type-IV Pilin-Mediated Motility Regulation

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