Towards Efficient Sink Mobility in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Yahya, Aqeb; Islam, Saif ul; Akhunzada, Adnan; Ahmed, Ghufran; Shamshirband, Shahaboddin; Lloret, Jaime

doi:10.3390/en11061471

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Each sensor node consists of an acoustic modem which is used for the sending and receiving of the packets. The consumption of transmitting the packets of length with its distance is follows as [34]:…”

Section: B Energy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Aware and Reliability-Based Localization-Free Cooperative Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2020

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In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), protocols with efficient energy and reliable communication are challenging, due to the unpredictable aqueous environment. The sensor nodes deployed in the specific region can not last for a long time communicating with each other because of limited energy. Also, the low speed of the acoustic waves and the small available bandwidth produce high latency as well as high transmission loss, which affects the network reliability. To address such problems, several protocols exist in literature. However, these protocols lose energy efficiency and reliability, as they calculate the geographical coordinates of the node or they do not avoid unfavorable channel conditions. To tackle these challenges, this article presents the two novel routing protocol for UWSNs. The first one energy path and channel aware (EPACA) protocol transmits data from a bottom of the water to the surface sink by taking node's residual energy (), packet history (), distance (d) and bit error rate (BER). In EPACA protocol, a source node computes a function value for every neighbor node. The most prior node in terms of calculated function is considered as the target destination. However, the EPACA protocol may not always guarantee packet reliability, as it delivers packets over a single path. To maintain the packet reliability in the network, the cooperative-energy path and channel aware (CoEPACA) routing scheme is added which uses relay nodes in packet advancement. In the CoEPACA protocol, the destination node receives various copies from the source and relay(s). The received data at the destination from multiple routes make the network more reliable due to avoiding the erroneous data. The MATLAB simulations results validated the performance of the proposed algorithms. The EPACA protocol consumed 29.01% and the CoEPACA protocol 19.04% less energy than the counterpart scheme. In addition, the overall 12.40% improvement is achieved in the packet's reliability. Also, the EPACA protocol outperforms for packets' latency and network lifetime.

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Section: B Energy Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Aware and Reliability-Based Localization-Free Cooperative Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2020

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“…So, the position of the underwater relay nodes is varied and checked for optimal deployment, so as to reduce the number of underwater relay nodes (RNs) needed for deployment. Therefore, the objective function is adapted for underwater scenarios, as expressed in Equation (1).…”

Section: Underwater Relay Node Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widely growing application domains for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted potential attention in R&D from the Internet of Things (IoT)-oriented industries and academia [1][2][3]. The growing domains include border security-centric military applications [4,5], energy and cost-centric…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

W-GUN: Whale Optimization for Energy and Delay-Centric Green Underwater Networks

Rathore

Sangwan

Mazumdar

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) have witnessed significant R&D attention in both academia and industry due to their growing application domains, such as border security, freight via sea or river, natural petroleum production and the fishing industry. Considering the deep underwater-oriented access constraints, energy-centric communication for the lifetime maximization of tiny sensor nodes in UWSNs is one of the key research themes in this domain. Existing literature on green UWSNs are majorly adapted from the existing techniques in traditional wireless sensor network relying on geolocation and the quality of service-centric underwater relay node selection, without paying much attention to the dynamic underwater network environments. To this end, this paper presents an adapted whale and wolf optimization-based energy and delay-centric green underwater networking framework (W-GUN). It focuses on exploiting dynamic underwater network characteristics by effectively utilizing underwater whale-centric optimization in relay node selection. Firstly, an underwater relay node optimization model is mathematically derived, focusing on underwater whale dynamics for incorporating realistic underwater characteristics in networking. Secondly, the optimization model is used to develop an adapted whale and grey wolf optimization algorithm for selecting optimal and stable relay nodes for centric underwater communication paths. Thirdly, a complete workflow of the W-GUN framework is presented with an optimization flowchart. The comparative performance evaluation attests to the benefits of the proposed framework and is compared to state-of-the-art techniques considering various metrics related to underwater network environments.Sensors 2020, 20, 1377 2 of 23 water-based transport applications [6,7], oil, and natural gas production applications [8,9], and developing fishing-centric industries [10,11]. In underwater networking, tiny sensor nodes are deployed underwater, as well as on the upper surface layer for monitoring the specific underwater area [12]. These underwater nodes communicate with the surface nodes, acting as access points or cluster heads for reaching the sink node of the network, which accumulates the information and communicates with the cloud-enabled computing resources [13]. Underwater networking is significantly challenging compared to traditional wireless networking due to the dynamic self-mobility of the medium of communication and constraints in signal propagation in the underwater environment [14][15][16]. In this constrained networking environment, the underwater network deployment-oriented challenges further complicate scientific investigations towards the development of an energy-centric green underwater network for various application domains [17][18][19].Towards enabling green underwater networking, several service and geolocation-centric techniques of varying quality have been suggested [20,21]. A heuristic approach has been suggested in underwater networking for solving the surface gateway deployment o...

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“…The comparison of the performances of LBRP, EEDBR [4] and VBF [2] in terms of network lifetime is illustrated in Figure 5 It is determined that LBRP offers improved performance over EEDBR within the perspective of network [20] period of time. LBRP exceeds the network period of time of VBF, EEDBR as a result of VBF invariably chooses the nodes within an exceedingly mounted vector, and as a result, a sensing element node [21] is also selected once more and once more to forward knowledge.…”

Section: Network Life Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

IJFCST

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Underwater detector network is one amongst the foremost difficult and fascinating analysis arenas that open the door of pleasing plenty of researchers during this field of study. In several under water based sensor applications, nodes are square measured and through this the energy is affected. Thus, the mobility of each sensor nodes are measured through the water atmosphere from the water flow for sensor based protocol formations. Researchers have developed many routing protocols. However, those lost their charm with the time. This can be the demand of the age to supply associate degree upon energy-efficient and ascendable strong routing protocol for under water actuator networks. During this work, the authors tend to propose a customary routing protocol named level primarily based routing protocol (LBRP), reaching to offer strong, ascendable and energy economical routing. LBRP conjointly guarantees the most effective use of total energy consumption and ensures packet transmission which redirects as an additional reliability in compare to different routing protocols. In this work, the authors have used the level of forwarding node, residual energy and distance from the forwarding node to the causing node as a proof in multicasting technique comparisons. Throughout this work, the authors have got a recognition result concerning about 86.35% on the average in node multicasting performances. Simulation has been experienced each in a wheezy and quiet atmosphere which represents the endorsement of higher performance for the planned protocol.

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Towards Efficient Sink Mobility in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Energy-Aware and Reliability-Based Localization-Free Cooperative Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy-Aware and Reliability-Based Localization-Free Cooperative Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

W-GUN: Whale Optimization for Energy and Delay-Centric Green Underwater Networks

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