Towards democracy in spatial planning through spatial information built by communities: The investigation of spatial information built by citizens from participatory mapping to volunteered geographic information in Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Recently, crowd-sourced information is used to produce and improve collective knowledge and community capacity building. Triggered by broadening and expanding access to the Internet and cellular telephones, the utilisation of crowd-sourcing for policy advocacy, egovernment and e-participation has increased globally [1]. Crowd-sourced information can conceivably support government's or general social initiatives to inform, counsel, and cooperate, by engaging subjects and empowering decentralisation and democratization [2]. Crowd-sourcing has turned into a major technique for interactive mapping initiatives by urban or rural community because of its capability to incorporate a wide range of data. Continuously accumulated spatial data can be sorted, layered, and envisioned in ways that even beginners can comprehend with ease. Interactive spatial visualization has the possibility to be a useful democratic planning tool to empower citizens participating in spatial data provision and sharing in government programmes. Since the global emergence of World Wide Web (WWW) technology, the interaction between information providers and users has increased. Local communities are able to produce and share spatial data to produce web interfaces with territorial information in mapping application programming interfaces (APIs) public, such as Google maps, OSM and Wikimapia [3][4] [5]. In terms of the democratic spatial planning action, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is considered an effective voluntary method of helping people feel comfortable with the technology and other co-participants in order to shape coalitions of local knowledge. This paper has aim to investigate 'How is spatial data created by citizens used in Indonesia?' by discussing the characteristics of spatial data usage by citizens to support spatial policy formulation, starting with the history of participatory mapping to current VGI development in Indonesia.

Between Consultation and Collaboration: Self-Reported Objectives for 25 Web-Based Geoparticipation Projects in Urban Planning

“…Citizen-led initiatives, such as participatory GIS (PGIS), facilitate community self-organization and independence, both of which differ significantly in their objectives, outcomes and modalities of participation from governmental and institution-led forms of PPGIS [11,34,47]. Distinct from PGIS and PPGIS, volunteered geographic information (VGI) typically refers to cartographic forms of citizen science in such varied contexts as crowdsourcing national geospatial data, environmental monitoring (both active and passive), and disaster management [48][49][50]. This paper focuses on webbased geoparticipation projects initiated by local government agencies in urban planning.…”

Pemetaan Kerentanan Tsunami untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Wilayah Pesisir

“…Hambatan yang muncul dalam penanggulangan bencana tsunami adalah pemanfaatan ruang pesisir yang tidak sebagaimana mestinya, seperti contoh wilayah pembangunan break water yang digunakan untuk pariwisata (Subagiyo, Kurniawan, dan Yudono 2017). Untuk menghindari dampak negatif dari pemanfaatan wilayah pesisir tersebut dapat diminimalisir terjadinya konflik antar kepentingan dan perlu diadakan penataan yang bertujuan untuk mengakomodasi kepentingan masyarakat dengan memperhatikan potensi, daya dukung, dan kearifan lokal di wilayah pesisir (Yudono 2017). Pengurangan resiko bencana pesisir dapat dilakukan melalui banyak cara, menentukan jalur evakuasi, maupun menyusun wilayah penanggulangan bencana perlu dilakukan untuk meminimalisir kerusakan yang terjadi (Asyari et al 2021).…”

Infrastructure Model Volunteered Geographic Infor-mation Social Assistance Program To Support eGovernment Case Study of Central Aceh District

“…Social jealousy in society is caused by indications of misuse and mismanagement of social assistance, so the Community's role is essential in supporting government transparency in terms of the management of social aid [2], [3], [4], [5], [21], [22]. Therefore, a community-based system model is needed that can contribute comparative information to the government in evaluating government policies on the distribution of social assistance that has been running [4], [6], [7], [23], [24]. The comparison information is in the form of pictures of houses and other parameters that become a reference for beneficiaries.…”