Towards Controlled Synthesis of Water-Soluble Gold Nanoclusters: Synthesis and Analysis

Sokołowska, Karolina; Malola, Sami; Lahtinen, Manu; Saarnio, Ville; Permi, Perttu; Koskinen, Katariina; Jalasvuori, Matti; Häkkinen, Hannu; Lehtovaara, Lauri; Lahtinen, Tanja

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11056

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In comparison to metal bulk or M NPs, the preparation of Pt NCs refers to the precise control and rigorous synthetic conditions due to their extreme small size [43]. There are many classification standards of the preparation method ( Figure 2) [44][45][46][47], like physical and chemical method and one-pot and etching method. We generally divided the…”

Section: Synthetic Methods Of Platinum Nanoclustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Platinum Nanoclusters

Huang

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Noble metal nanoclusters (M NCs), defined as an aggregation of a few to tens of atoms, are considered a borderline between atoms and metal nanoparticles (M NPs), which tends to exhibit molecule-like behaviours such as discrete electronic state and size-dependent fluorescence. In the past decades, gold and silver nanoclusters (Au NCs and Ag NCs) have been massively explored and utilized in the field of industrial catalysis, optoelectronic devices, biological imaging, environmental detection, clinical diagnoses, and treatment. The analogue of Au and Ag NCs and platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs), especially their biological applications, is relatively and rarely discussed. This review firstly investigates the synthetic methodology of Pt NCs including template-assisted and template-free approaches and then introduces their unique optical, catalytic, and thermal properties. Particular importance here is the biological applications of Pt NCs such as the bioimaging of various cells as a preferred fluorophore in contrast to traditional fluorescent markers (e.g., organic dye, semiconductor quantum dots, and fluorescent proteins), the usage of Pt NCs-based antitumour drugs as a new class chemotherapeutics for malignant tumour therapy, and the utilization of antibacteria as an alternative of Ag-based antibacterial agent. On the whole, the development of Pt NCs has already gained delectable progress; however, the study of ultrafine Pt NCs is at the beginning stage and there are still plenty of challenges like synthesis of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent Pt NCs, the explicit signal pathway of cell apoptosis, and attempt in diverse biological applications that need to be urgently tackled in future.

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Section: Synthetic Methods Of Platinum Nanoclustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Platinum Nanoclusters

Huang

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…Nowadays, many studies show that the size of ultra-small Au NPs can be precisely controlled by adjusting the addition ratio of reducing agent and chloroauric acid to obtain size-controlled water-soluble or organic-soluble ultra-small Au NPs. 97,168,169 Xie et al precisely synthesized ultra-small Au NPs with high quantum yields using thiol molecules as templates. 168 Meanwhile, egg white has also been used to synthesize ultra-small Au NPs of controlled size.…”

Section: Bottom-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Stability Au NPs: From Design to Application in Nanomedicine

Zhang¹,

Shao²,

Yue³

et al. 2021

IJN

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In recent years, Au-based nanomaterials are widely used in nanomedicine and biosensors due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, these applications require Au NPs to have excellent stability in different environments, such as extreme pH, high temperature, high concentration ions, and various biomatrix. To meet the requirement of multiple applications, many synthetic substances and natural products are used to prepare highly stable Au NPs. Because of this, we aim at offering an update comprehensive summary of preparation high stability Au NPs. In addition, we discuss its application in nanomedicine. The contents of this review are based on a balanced combination of our studies and selected research studies done by worldwide academic groups. First, we address some critical methods for preparing highly stable Au NPs using polymers, including heterocyclic substances, polyethylene glycols, amines, and thiol, then pay attention to natural product progress Au NPs. Then, we sum up the stability of various Au NPs in different stored times, ions solution, pH, temperature, and biomatrix. Finally, the application of Au NPs in nanomedicine, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), clinical diagnosis, nanozyme, and radiotherapy (RT), was addressed concentratedly.

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“…An understanding in the forcing and forced behaviors while amalgamation of nanoparticles and particles will help to also understand the energy behaviors at micro, nano, atomic and electron levels. Some recent studies considered force discussing the results of an adhesive performance of graphene/shape memory polymer [27], a basic mechanism of understanding the interaction between inorganic and organic nanomaterial [28], and toxicity in different gold clusters under various concentrations [29].…”

Section: Tiny Particles Of Different Features Developed Through the Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Forcing or Forced Exertions in Amalgamation of Nanoparticles and Particles inside the Solution

M¹,

Lin²

2020

Preprint

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The study of forcing or forced exertions in amalgamating or amalgamated different featured nanoparticles and particles is important for the scientific societies. Observing live dynamics of nanoparticles and particles in the course of their amalgamation inside the solution is a challenging task. It is difficult to discuss amalgamating nanoparticles and particles only based on their visualized dynamics. However, suitably captured microscopic images of agglomerations of nanoparticles and particles can identify different modes of forcing or forced exertions. Nanoparticles and particles just at resting positions amalgamate under resultant differences of exerting forces not only related to poles of occupied quadrants, but also related to poles of their own drawn origins. In this context, colloidal entities amalgamating inside the solution from their directing sides experience a greater exertion of force. In amalgamation of nanoparticles and particles, the exerting force is mute, alert and functioning successively; contrarily, the energy behavior remains functioning, alert and mute successively. Amalgamations depend on the features and conceived focusing lengths of colloidal entities, which are through the origins of references of their exerting forces under the resultant differences. In amalgamation of nanoparticles and particles having geometrical shapes, electrons of their elongated atoms along each side deal with even exertions of force. This is not the case in nanoparticles and particles of distorted shapes. Colloidal nanoparticles and particles are considered the best candidates to track nature of exerting forces, and so is the case with energy behaviors, too.

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Towards Controlled Synthesis of Water-Soluble Gold Nanoclusters: Synthesis and Analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Platinum Nanoclusters

Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Platinum Nanoclusters

High Stability Au NPs: From Design to Application in Nanomedicine

Forcing or Forced Exertions in Amalgamation of Nanoparticles and Particles inside the Solution

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