High Stability Au NPs: From Design to Application in Nanomedicine

Abstract

In recent years, Au-based nanomaterials are widely used in nanomedicine and biosensors due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, these applications require Au NPs to have excellent stability in different environments, such as extreme pH, high temperature, high concentration ions, and various biomatrix. To meet the requirement of multiple applications, many synthetic substances and natural products are used to prepare highly stable Au NPs. Because of this, we aim at offering an update comprehensive summary of preparation high stability Au NPs. In addition, we discuss its application in nanomedicine. The contents of this review are based on a balanced combination of our studies and selected research studies done by worldwide academic groups. First, we address some critical methods for preparing highly stable Au NPs using polymers, including heterocyclic substances, polyethylene glycols, amines, and thiol, then pay attention to natural product progress Au NPs. Then, we sum up the stability of various Au NPs in different stored times, ions solution, pH, temperature, and biomatrix. Finally, the application of Au NPs in nanomedicine, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), clinical diagnosis, nanozyme, and radiotherapy (RT), was addressed concentratedly.

Synergistic Bonding of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Hybrid Microgels and Gold Nanoparticles Used for Temperature-Responsive Controllable Catalysis of p-Nitrophenol Reduction

“…AuNPs are prone to irreversible aggregation due to their high surface energy . Introducing stabilizers or surfactants is an effective technique to increase their stability .…”

“…AuNPs are prone to irreversible aggregation due to their high surface energy. 35 Introducing stabilizers or surfactants is an effective technique to increase their stability. 36 In this study, AuNPs were prepared through reduction of chloroauric acid with sodium citrate, which was introduced as a stabilizer to offer negative charge surrounding the surface of AuNPs.…”

Antiviral and antioxidant properties of green synthesized gold nanoparticles using Glaucium flavum leaf extract

“…3 b), indicating that the size of gold nanoparticles reached 112.8 nm. Recently, excluding demanding the significant stability of Au NPs during synthesis, the final stability of nanoparticles should be considered that is very essential for the storage and application of Au NPs, such as cancer therapy and bioimaging (Zhang et al 2021 ; Sangwan and Seth 2022 ). Hence, variations in the size and structure of Au NPs could affect the related properties and applications.…”

“…Furthermore, considering the biosensors and nanomedicine applications of Au NPs, it is necessary to produce nanoparticles with high stability in different environmental conditions such as high concentration ions and various temperature or pH conditions. For this purpose, many natural extracts or substances has applied for the biosynthesis of stable Au NPs (Zhang et al 2021 ).…”

Advances in the use of nanomaterials for nucleic acid detection in point-of-care testing devices: A review

“…Nanomaterials have attracted increased attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, generating considerable interest in many fields, including biotechnology, catalysis, electronics, optics, and drug-loading ( Liu et al, 2020 ; Gong L et al, 2021 ; Zhang M et al, 2021 ; Choi et al, 2022 ; Gao et al, 2022 ; Pang et al, 2022 ). In this review, we focused on the area of NA detection in POCT devices.…”