Towards automation of color/weave selection in Jacquard design: Model verification

Abstract

Jacquard woven fabrics are made from colored yarns and different weaves for designing complex pictorial and other patterning effects. The final visualized color effect is the result of assigning weave designs to different areas of the pattern to be created. The current practice in creating Jacquard woven fabric designs is to produce many samples in a trial-and-error attempt to match artwork colors. An ability to simulate accurately the appearance of a design prior to manufacture is highly desirable to reduce trial-and-error sample production. No automated accurate digital color methodology is yet available to assist designers in matching the patterned woven fabric to the desired artwork. To achieve this, we developed a geometrical model to predict the color contribution of each yarn on the face of the fabric. The geometrical model combined with a Kubelka-Munk based color mixing model allowed the prediction of the reflectance properties of the final color for a given design. We compared the predicted and experimental values of the reflectance properties for a range of fabrics using the same geometric model with three separate color mixing models. The geometrical model combined with a log-based color mixing model produced reasonable agreement between predicted and measured DE ab , with an average DE ab of approximately five.

Optimized Stearns-Noechel Model to Predict Mixed Color Values of Yarn-Dyed Fabrics

“…In 1944, Stearns and Noechel [20] proposed the following empirical additive formula for fine wool blends : (5) where Rblend(λ) is the reflectance of the blend at wavelength λ, Ri (λ) is the reflectance of the ith component of the blend at wavelength λ, xi is the mass proportion of the ith component of the blend, and f is the additive function proposed by Stearns and Noechel. Every given value for x must lie between 0 and 1, and the identity ! "…”

“…Various color effects can be achieved by using different arrangements of the yarns and woven structures [1,2]. Textile engineers can use a few colored yarns to obtain various color effects on the fabric surface by interweaving [3][4][5]. Such a design method can partly replace the traditional procedure for dyeing fabrics ; however, controlling the process of mixing colors on the surface of a fabric is a challenge and much more complex than fiber blending.…”

“…In woven fabric optical mixing, factors such as the spinning, twisting, and weaving processes, fabric cover, and fabric shrinkage can influence the mixing results of colored yarns ; an adjustable parameter could improve the precision of the prediction model. The aim of this study was to find a color mixing model with an adjustable parameter and apply it to predicting the color of yarndyed woven fabrics, as previous models for predicting the colors of woven fabric use fixed formulas without an adjustable parameter and have demonstrated inaccuracy (ΔE * CMC > 3) and less adaptability to other types of yarn materials [5].…”

“…The Kubelka-Munk (K-M) single/double constant models [13], Gabrijelc !ic !-Dimitrovski (G-D) model [7], Kiyosawa's model [14,15] and Log (K/S) model [5,16] have been used to predict the color values of yarn-dyed fabrics. The Kubelka-Munk double constant model has some disadvantages such as complex computation and uncertainty in the solution procedure using the least squares method, while the other prediction models are still not sufficiently precise [16].…”

Color Attributes of Colored-Yarn Mixed Woven Fabrics Made of Raw-White Warps and Multicolored Wefts and Based on Weft-Backed Structures

“…They found that the RGBCMY (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow) combination can create a relative complete and large color gamut. Mathur et al developed a geometric model combined with a color model to predict the color contribution of each precolored yarn, in terms of color attributes of each area of a Jacquard pattern, for the automation of color/weave selection in Jacquard design [14]. Ng et al suggested an innovative layered combination design mode, and the resultant fabric structure was capable of expressing independent full-color figuring effects on sides of fabric [15].…”