Towards an Optimized Fetal DHA Accretion: Differences on Maternal DHA Supplementation Using Phospholipids vs. Triglycerides during Pregnancy in Different Models

Abstract

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy has been recommended by several health organizations due to its role in neural, visual, and cognitive development. There are several fat sources available on the market for the manufacture of these dietary supplements with DHA. These fat sources differ in the lipid structure in which DHA is esterified, mainly phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) molecules. The supplementation of DHA in the form of PL or TG during pregnancy can lead to controversial results depending on the animal model, physiological status and the fat sources utilized. The intestinal digestion, placental uptake, and fetal accretion of DHA may vary depending on the lipid source of DHA ingested by the mother. The form of DHA used in maternal supplementation that would provide an optimal DHA accretion for fetal brain development, based on the available data obtained most of them from different animal models, indicates no consistent differences in fetal accretion when DHA is provided as TG or PL. Other related lipid species are under evaluation, e.g., lyso-phospholipids, with promising results to improve DHA bioavailability although more studies are needed. In this review, the evidence on DHA bioavailability and accumulation in both maternal and fetal tissues after the administration of DHA supplementation during pregnancy in the form of PL or TG in different models is summarized.

Antimicrobial polymeric composites in consumer goods and healthcare sector: A healthier way to prevent infection

“…Mostly known for its use in personal care products such as antimicrobial soap, toothpaste, and deodorants for decades, this triclosan additive can also be applied to polyester, nylon, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, and acrylic fibers. Triclosan is also known to be effective against bacteria and to some virus and fungi by blocking lipid biosynthesis of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, or lipoproteins and affecting the integrity of cell membranes 58–60 …”

“…Triclosan is also known to be effective against bacteria and to some virus and fungi by blocking lipid biosynthesis of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, or lipoproteins and affecting the integrity of cell membranes. [58][59][60] Current antimicrobial coatings which are available in market are expensive, however affordable specialized antimicrobial polymer coating that recharge with bleach treatments, are the latest trend in this sector, and are in the development stage. Issues pertaining to incorporation of silver or copper ions involves the faulty mechanism of being non-surfaced and additionally, these can leach from the stainless steel and into foods that are later consumed; hence both have not been a…”

Effect of temperature on fatty acid composition in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A temperature dependent nutritive lipid profile

“…The known functions of these PUFA in the human body are to maintain the integrity of all living cells and to produce prostaglandins, which regulate many body processes such as inflammation and blood clotting. DHA is considered an important component of PUFA, which plays an important role in the development of eyes and brain in infants, maintains normal brain function in adults and improves their learning ability (Fleckenstein‐Elsen et al, 2016; Gázquez & Larqué, 2021; Harauma et al, 2017; Innes & Calder, 2018). Some PUFA components have significant interest for human health.…”

Encapsulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Oil Substantially Improves the Oxylipin Profile of Rat Tissues

“…Thereby, several works have shown a higher ( 9 – 11 ) or equal ( 12 – 14 ) bioavailability of DHA esterified to phospholipids (PL) in comparison to DHA esterified to triacylglycerols (TAG). Other works are more controversial ( 15 , 16 ), insomuch as a higher concentration of circulating DHA would not predict brain accretion of DHA ( 17 – 19 ). Furthermore, dietary supplementation of DHA was shown to generate higher levels of its oxygenated derivatives as oxylipins ( 20 , 21 ).…”