Marketing, strategic management and contingency theory suggest that different strategies require different practices. The new product development (NPD) literature, however, hardly addresses the product development practices needed to support different strategies. An analysis of eight prospectors, twenty-seven analysers and seven defenders suggests that the NPD improvement motives and practices of these three types of strategies are less different than we expected. Our explanation for this finding is that the three strategic types are growing towards each other, forced by changes in competition and enabled by new technologies and management concepts.
Introductiontrategy implementation is the process by which (new) objectives and practices (i.e. processes, technologies, organisational arrangements and/or managerial systems and approaches) are put into action. One of the key principles associated with successful strategy implementation is that at any time, strategy and practices need to be consistent with, and supportive of, each other (Chandler, 1962;Owen, 1982). Many generic corporate (e.g. Richardson et al., 1985) strategies have been proposed. Indeed, most of these typologies suggest that different strategies require different organisational and managerial practices or, in other words, a structural consistency between strategy and organisational design parameters. Other authors (e.g. Hayes and Wheelwright, 1984) suggest that a consistency is required between corporate strategy and functional strategies such as new product development (NPD), manufacturing and marketing strategy or, in other words, a strategic consistency.While structural and strategic consistency are widely accepted as prerequisites for success, also in adjacent areas such as organisa-S tion design theory (e.g. Mintzberg, 1979), there have not been many attempts to examine new product development (NPD) strategies and practices from this perspective. For example, one well-known typology of market strategy distinguishes between leaders, fast and late followers. However, the differences in NPD strategies and practices between the three categories are not well described.Another underexplored area concerns the link between corporate strategy and NPD strategy and practices. This article seeks to address this area, and examines the following question:What are the relationships between corporate strategy and new product development strategy and practices?The next section will provide the background we used to operationalise this question in the form of five hypotheses.