Towards a consensus on genotyping schemes for surveillance and outbreak investigations of Cryptosporidium, Berlin, June 2016

Rm, Chalmers; Cacciò, Simone M.

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.37.30338

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…However, to date, no sufficiently discriminatory multilocus genotyping scheme has been fully validated or widely adopted by veterinary or public health researchers (Hotchkiss et al., ) or reference laboratories in Europe, although an initiative as part of COST Action Euro‐FBP is addressing this issue (Chalmers and Cacciò, ). However, in most countries Cryptosporidium is not routinely genotyped, or even the infecting or contaminating species identified, and so point of reservoir source attribution is further hampered.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health risks associated with food‐borne parasites

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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Parasites are important food‐borne pathogens. Their complex lifecycles, varied transmission routes, and prolonged periods between infection and symptoms mean that the public health burden and relative importance of different transmission routes are often difficult to assess. Furthermore, there are challenges in detection and diagnostics, and variations in reporting. A Europe‐focused ranking exercise, using multicriteria decision analysis, identified potentially food‐borne parasites of importance, and that are currently not routinely controlled in food. These are Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Echinococcus spp. Infection with these parasites in humans and animals, or their occurrence in food, is not notifiable in all Member States. This Opinion reviews current methods for detection, identification and tracing of these parasites in relevant foods, reviews literature on food‐borne pathways, examines information on their occurrence and persistence in foods, and investigates possible control measures along the food chain. The differences between these three parasites are substantial, but for all there is a paucity of well‐established, standardised, validated methods that can be applied across the range of relevant foods. Furthermore, the prolonged period between infection and clinical symptoms (from several days for Cryptosporidium to years for Echinococcus spp.) means that source attribution studies are very difficult. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the domestic animal lifecycle (involving dogs and livestock) for Echinoccocus granulosus means that this parasite is controllable. For Echinococcus multilocularis, for which the lifecycle involves wildlife (foxes and rodents), control would be expensive and complicated, but could be achieved in targeted areas with sufficient commitment and resources. Quantitative risk assessments have been described for Toxoplasma in meat. However, for T. gondii and Cryptosporidium as faecal contaminants, development of validated detection methods, including survival/infectivity assays and consensus molecular typing protocols, are required for the development of quantitative risk assessments and efficient control measures.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health risks associated with food‐borne parasites

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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“…They also detected high levels of recombination within the C. hominis populations, evidenced by linkage disequilibrium decay. The genetic diversity of C. hominis encountered in the Bangladesh study was found to be far greater than that seen in northern Europe, where the predominant C. hominis IbA10G2 subtype is highly conserved at the genome level (50,71). This study reveals the importance of high-throughput, wide scale genomic sequencing and analysis in elucidating the complex population structure of the parasite worldwide (31).…”

Section: Progression Of Whole Genome Sequencing and Assemblymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…For public health purposes it is desirable to have consensus to enable cross-boundary comparisons and investigations and track international spread. An initiative funded by EU COST Action FA1408 "A European Network for Foodborne Parasites: Euro-FBP" (http://www.euro-fbp.org) enabled a workshop to be held between 23 scientists and experts in public and animal health from 12 European countries and the USA on Cryptosporidium genotyping (71). The participants discussed the need for, and potential directions of, a standardized typing scheme specifically for surveillance and outbreak investigations.…”

Section: Multilocus Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants discussed the need for, and potential directions of, a standardized typing scheme specifically for surveillance and outbreak investigations. There was general agreement that a robust multilocus genotyping scheme should be developed through collaborative laboratory studies, to standardize a method for meaningful interpretation of genotype occurrence and distribution trends, and where possible incorporate into national surveillance programs (71). To achieve this multiple markers spread, sufficiently across the genome, are required.…”

Section: Multilocus Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Sequencing of Cryptosporidium in Stool Samples for Public Health

Morris

Robinson

Swain

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

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“…With a wide spectrum of FBPs, identifying priority research areas is difficult. Priority topics in Europe indicated by the EKE (Figure 2A) It is not always sufficient to detect an FBP in both patients and a suspected food source, and a robust, standardized, multilocus typing scheme is often needed [39]. Advances in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of FBPs has lagged behind that of other pathogens, particularly bacteria [40], and, although ideal, the level of detail provided by WGS may be unnecessary for providing usable epidemiological evidence.…”

Section: Addressing Current Needs Within Fbps In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Foodborne Parasites in Europe: Present Status and Future Trends

Trevisan

Torgerson

Robertson

2019

Trends in Parasitology

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Although foodborne parasites (FBPs) are becoming recognized as important foodborne pathogens, they remain neglected compared with bacterial and viral foodborne pathogens. As drivers for infection with FBPs are variable, it is often unclear for funding bodies where research should be prioritized. Through a COST Action (Euro-FBP; FA1408), we harnessed Europe-wide expertise to address these questions, using an Expert Knowledge Elicitation approach. Eating habits, lack of food-chain control, lack of awareness from relevant agencies, globalization, and water quality were identified as major drivers for FBP infection. Prioritized research needs to be largely focused on methodological gaps, but also on surveillance concerns, impact-assessment issues, and the role of microbiota. Despite the European focus, these responses should be relevant to those concerned with FBPs globally. Foodborne Parasites in Europe: What Are the Issues? Highlights FBPs remain neglected despite increasing recognition of their importance as foodborne pathogens.

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Towards a consensus on genotyping schemes for surveillance and outbreak investigations of Cryptosporidium, Berlin, June 2016

Abstract: Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Public health risks associated with food‐borne parasites

Public health risks associated with food‐borne parasites

Direct Sequencing of Cryptosporidium in Stool Samples for Public Health

Foodborne Parasites in Europe: Present Status and Future Trends

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