Toward the next-generation VR/AR optics: a review of holographic near-eye displays from a human-centric perspective

Chang, Chenliang; Bang, Kiseung; Wetzstein, Gordon; Lee, Byoungho; Gao, Liang

doi:10.1364/optica.406004

Cited by 276 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…From ( 6) and ( 3) we get: (2) n (k r r ) A n k y H (1) n (k r a) + B n k y H (2) n (k r a) e ik y y dk y . ( Hence the transfer function of spectral diffraction model between concentric cylinders in cylindrical coordinates can be derived as:…”

Section: Cfp and Cbp Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A n k y H (1) n (k r r ) + B n k y H (2) n (k r r ) A n k y H (1) n (k r a) + B n k y H (2) n (k r a)…”

Section: T F =unclassified

“…Holographic display is regarded as one of the most promising display technologies because it can provide the depth information of the whole three dimentional scene and has unique advantages in correcting human eye aberration [1], [2]. At present, most of the research on holograms focuses on planes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speckle Suppression Using Cylindrical Self-Diffraction for Cylindrical Phase-Only Hologram

Jin

Wang

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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In the reconstruction of cylindrical phase-only hologram (POH), speckle noise caused by the addition of random phase is rarely discussed. Although some speckle noise suppression algorithms have been proposed for planar POH, it does not work well if they are directly applied to cylindrical POH. To solve this issue, the cylindrical self-diffraction iteration (CSDI) algorithm is proposed. This is an iteration algorithm based on the cylindrical selfdiffraction model which is a special case of the cylindrical backward-propagation model at a limit condition. Simulation results show that CSDI can suppress speckle noise and improve the quality of reconstructed images significantly. Furthermore, the proposed CSDI algorithm outperforms conventional algorithms, which work well in planar POH and are directly applied to cylindrical POH, in suppressing speckle noise for cylindrical POH. To our best knowledge, the models of cylindrical backward-propagation and cylindrical self-diffraction as well as the concept of CSDI are firstly proposed and applied to speckle suppression of cylindrical POH.

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Section: Cfp and Cbp Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A n k y H (1) n (k r r ) + B n k y H (2) n (k r r ) A n k y H (1) n (k r a) + B n k y H (2) n (k r a)…”

Section: T F =unclassified

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Speckle Suppression Using Cylindrical Self-Diffraction for Cylindrical Phase-Only Hologram

Jin

Wang

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…Among the key features in ensuring NEDs are widespread in the market is in providing the correct depth cues, including the accommodation effects for the virtual images. The vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC), which represents a mismatch between the vergence distance and focal distance of human eye [16], may lead to visual discomfort, eye fatigue, and nausea. Unfortunately, for holographic waveguides, most studies have focused on presenting the virtual images at optical infinity [10][11][12], which causes the VAC problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Reduction in Voxels for a See-Through Holographic Waveguide by Using Integral Imaging with Compensated Elemental Images

2021

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The representation of three-dimensional volumetric pixels, voxels, is an important issue for the near-to-eye displays (NEDs) to solve the vergence-accommodation conflict problem. Although the holographic waveguides using holographic optical element (HOE) couplers are promising technologies for NEDs with the ultra-thin structure and high transparency, most of them have presented only a single and fixed depth plane. In this paper, we analyze the imaging characteristics of holographic waveguides, particularly to represent the arbitrary voxels and investigate the voxel duplication problem arising from the non-collimated light from the voxels. In order to prevent the image crosstalk arising from the voxel duplication, we propose an adjustment method for the emission angle profile of voxels by using the integral imaging technique. In the proposed method, the sub-regions of elemental images, which correspond to the duplicated voxels, are masked in order to optimize the emission angle of integrated voxels. In the experimental verification, a see-through integral imaging system, based on the organic light-emitting diode display and a holographic waveguide with the thickness of 5 mm, was constructed. The fabricated HOE in the waveguide showed high diffraction efficiency of 72.8 %, 76.6%, and 72.5 % for 460 nm, 532 nm, and 640 nm lasers, respectively. By applying the masked elemental images, the proposed method resulted in a reduced crosstalk in the observed voxels by 2.35 times. The full-color experimental results of see-through holographic waveguide with integral imaging are provided, whereby the observed 3D images are presented clearly without the ghost images due to the voxel duplication problem.

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“…Such bidirectional holographic display systems can potentially be combined with haptic interfaces to realize realistic and intuitive handling of 3D images as if the observer is handling real objects [42]. Holographic near-eye display and head-mounted display (HMD) [43]- [48] are future applications of the bidirectional holographic display systems with haptic interfaces. Then, holographic display collaborating with virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR) is promising to develop next-generation user interfaces and mobile devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Holographic Display for Real-Time Drawing and Erasing of 3D Point-Cloud Images With a Fingertip

et al. 2021

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We demonstrate an interactive holographic display system for real-time drawing and erasing of 3D point-cloud images. This system detects the position of the observer's fingertip with a motion sensor, which it uses to calculate the complex amplitude distribution for the hologram. Because the calculated distribution is added to or subtracted from the complex amplitude distribution of the previous frame, the calculation time per frame is independent of the number of points comprising the 3D point cloud. Then, the system can quickly update the hologram even when the number of points comprising the 3D point cloud is increased. Because the 3D point-cloud image reconstructed from the calculated hologram is projected at the same position as the observer's fingertip with almost no latency, the system can draw and erase a 3D point-cloud image through interactions with the observer's fingertip. We experimentally confirmed that the system successfully draws and erases a 3D point-cloud image.

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Toward the next-generation VR/AR optics: a review of holographic near-eye displays from a human-centric perspective

Cited by 276 publications

References 143 publications

Speckle Suppression Using Cylindrical Self-Diffraction for Cylindrical Phase-Only Hologram

Speckle Suppression Using Cylindrical Self-Diffraction for Cylindrical Phase-Only Hologram

Crosstalk Reduction in Voxels for a See-Through Holographic Waveguide by Using Integral Imaging with Compensated Elemental Images

Interactive Holographic Display for Real-Time Drawing and Erasing of 3D Point-Cloud Images With a Fingertip

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