Toward Soft Skin‐Like Wearable and Implantable Energy Devices

Gong, Shuping; Cheng, Wenlong

doi:10.1002/aenm.201700648

Cited by 191 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…In the emerging field of wearable skin-mountable electronics, [1][2][3][4] there is an ever-growing demand for soft, stretchable, and skin-conformable energy devices for on-skin biomedical healthcare systems. [5][6][7] Among all the wearable energy devices, wearable supercapacitors have gained tremendous attention in recent years due to conventional merits such as superior power density, long calendar life, fast charging/discharging rate, low cost, and good safety. [8][9][10] Many flexible and sometimes stretchable supercapacitors with impressive mechanical and electrochemical properties have been developed by using various material selections and designing strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wearable Second Skin‐Like Multifunctional Supercapacitor with Vertical Gold Nanowires and Electrochromic Polyaniline

Ling

Gong

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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example, carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene have been successfully used to construct supercapacitors based on various configurations with high capacitance, which could be sewn into textile to build senior stretchable power networks or attached on garments to power LED lights/commercial electronic watch. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Some supercapacitors have also been successfully combined with other energy harvesters to actualize wearable integration systems. [23,24] In addition, metal-based (such as gold and silver) nanomaterials including nanowires or nanoparticles with engineered layout on stretchable substrates or embedded in soft polymer matrix that establish flexible/ stretchable conductive films also begin to show their potential for utilizations in wearable energy devices. [25][26][27][28][29] Despite the encouraging progresses made in flexibility, stretchability, as well as impressive electrochemical performances based on multiple material and design combinations, very limited supercapacitors have actually enabled wearable on-skin applications. To date, it still remains as a great challenge to achieve a second skin-like supercapacitor that can integrate lightweightness, skin-thinness, high conformability, patternable features, and high capacitance into durable energy storage system working under all kinds of skin deformations. The recently reported epidermal supercapacitor based on ultrathin CNT film sheds light on the potential. [30] The as-fabricated supercapacitor could be seamlessly attached on human skin and function under various static skin deformations. Overall, the development of ultrathin skin-conformable supercapacitors with reasonably high capacitance that can operate under both static and dynamic skin deformations is still on the initial stage, which requires further efforts.Multifunctionality is another requirement for the next-generation wearable and implantable energy devices. [31] The application of electrochromic materials offers the superiority of combining energy storage and smart color transitions in one system. [32][33][34][35] As for supercapacitors, the colors of electrodes verify when applying different voltages so that the energy level of supercapacitors can be monitored easily by naked eyes. [36,37] PANI (polyaniline) as a popular polymer material has been widely used in supercapacitor area due to its relatively high conductivity, high pseudocapacitance, flexibility, and color-changing characteristics An ideal wearable/implantable bio-diagnostics can be powered by second skin-like energy devices in that they offer advantages such as conformal attachment/integration, lightweightness, and moduli-matching properties. Past several years have witnessed encouraging progresses in soft stretchable supercapacitors by various material combinations and design strategies; however, it remains nontrivial to achieve highly flexible high-performance supercapacitors in a skin-thin layout yet with multifunctionality. Here, such a second skin-like electrochromic supercapa...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wearable Second Skin‐Like Multifunctional Supercapacitor with Vertical Gold Nanowires and Electrochromic Polyaniline

Ling

Gong

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…[11][12][13][14][15] Unfortunately, conventionally dominant energy storage systems such as Li-ion batteries and capacitors, are usually stiff and heavy due to the use of slurry casting-based fabrication methods and rigid components. [20][21][22][23][24] To date, a variety of novel deformable energy storage systems have been demonstrated for application as compatible power sources in flexible/ stretchable electronic devices. In this context, the development of equally deformable high-performance energy storage systems that can overcome the existing mismatch is one of the key challenges for flexible/ stretchable electronic devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kirigami Patterning of MXene/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Paper for All‐Solid‐State Stretchable Micro‐Supercapacitor Arrays

et al. 2019

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Stretchable micropower sources with high energy density and stability under repeated tensile deformation are key components of flexible/wearable microelectronics. Herein, through the combination of strain engineering and modulation of the interlayer spacing, freestanding and lightweight MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite papers with excellent mechanical stability and a high electrochemical performance are first designed and prepared via a facile all‐solution‐based paper‐making process. Following a simple laser‐cutting kirigami patterning process, bendable, twistable, and stretchable all‐solid‐state micro‐supercapacitor arrays (MSCAs) are further fabricated. As expected, benefiting from the high‐performance MXene/BC composite electrodes and rational sectional structural design, the resulting kirigami MSCAs exhibit a high areal capacitance of 111.5 mF cm −2 , and are stable upon stretching of up to 100% elongation, and in bent or twisted states. The demonstrated combination of an all‐solution‐based MXene/BC composite paper‐making method and an easily manipulated laser‐cutting kirigami patterning technique enables the fabrication of MXene‐based deformable all‐solid‐state planar MSCAs in a simple and efficient manner while achieving excellent areal performance metrics and high stretchability, making them promising micropower sources that are compatible with flexible/wearable microelectronics.

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“…Although LIBs are a promising candidate as a stretchable battery system, they are problematic with respect to potential environmental harm, high cost, and intrinsic safety issues . These limitations are critical issues in wearable electronics because they are operated in direct contact with the human body . Many researchers have investigated replacing Li‐based batteries with other metal‐ion batteries to overcome the aforementioned issues.…”

Section: Stretchable Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[67] These limitations are critical issues in wearable electronics because they are operated in direct contact with the human body. [68] Many researchers have investigated replacing Li-based batteries with other metal-ion batteries to overcome the aforementioned issues. Such metal cations can be divided into two groups, monovalent metal cations (Na + and K + ) and multivalent metal cations (Mg 2 + , Al 3 + , Ca 2 + , and Zn 2 + ), depending on the oxidation states of the metal ions.…”

Section: Multivalent-based Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Stretchable Batteries for Wearable Electronics

Song

Yoo

Song

et al. 2019

Batteries & Supercaps

108

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With the rapidly approaching implementation of wearable electronic devices such as implantable devices, stretchable sensors, and healthcare devices, stretchable power sources have aroused worldwide attention as a key component in this emerging field. Among stretchable power sources, batteries, which store electrical energy through redox reactions during charge/discharge processes, are an attractive candidate because of their high energy density, high output voltage, and long‐term stability. In recent years, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing new materials and innovative structural designs for stretchable batteries. This review covers the latest advances in stretchable batteries, focusing on advanced stretchable materials and their design strategies. First, we provide a detailed overview of the materials aspects of components in a stretchable battery, including electrode materials, solid‐state electrolytes, and stretchable separator membranes. Second, we provide an overview on various structural engineering strategies to impart stretchability to batteries (i. e., wavy/buckling structures, island‐bridge structures, and origami/kirigami structures). Third, we summarize recently reported developments in stretchable batteries based on various chemistries, including Li‐based batteries, multivalent‐based batteries, and metal‐air batteries. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives and remaining challenges toward the practical application of stretchable batteries with reliable mechanical robustness and stable electrochemical performance under a physical strain.

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Toward Soft Skin‐Like Wearable and Implantable Energy Devices

Cited by 191 publications

References 207 publications

A Wearable Second Skin‐Like Multifunctional Supercapacitor with Vertical Gold Nanowires and Electrochromic Polyaniline

A Wearable Second Skin‐Like Multifunctional Supercapacitor with Vertical Gold Nanowires and Electrochromic Polyaniline

Kirigami Patterning of MXene/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Paper for All‐Solid‐State Stretchable Micro‐Supercapacitor Arrays

Recent Progress in Stretchable Batteries for Wearable Electronics

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