Toward all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells: Materials, performance, and stability

Abstract

Summary Organic‐inorganic perovskites have proven to be outstanding solar cell light‐absorbing materials due to their spectacular properties such as high tolerance to defects, bandgap tunability, high carrier mobility, long diffusion length, and high absorption coefficient. However, the associated stability issues in harsh conditions hinder their commercial prospects. In addition to the instability of the absorbing perovskite layer, the usage of organic transport layers and its vulnerable interface with the absorbing layer also contributes to the overall instability of the device. Taking a cue from inorganic solar cell counterparts, researchers have now turned their attention to the development of inorganic perovskites to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Work in this direction has led to power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond 19% with improved stability. Here, we review the progress made toward the development of all‐inorganic perovskite materials and their integration into PSCs as stable absorbers. We have discussed in extensive detail the work done so far for different inorganic perovskite materials, their associated device performance, and stability. Besides this, we have also discussed the integration of inorganic transport layers in PSCs replacing the organic counterparts used traditionally and their effect on the stability of the device. The stability of all‐inorganic PSCs under different harsh environmental conditions has also been discussed in detail. Finally, we have presented a summary and outlook on the realization of all‐inorganic efficient and stable PSCs toward their commercial adaptability.

Outdoor stability testing of perovskite solar cells: Necessary step toward real-life applications

“…2 CTLs, in particular doped CTLs and those with low glass transition temperatures, also contribute to the degradation of PSCs at elevated temperature. 1,21 In addition, diffusion is accelerated under elevated temperature, which involves perovskite ion migration, as well as electrode metal diffusion. 1 Another important consideration concerning thermal stability is that the stability under constant temperature and under temperature cycling can have significant differences in terms of observed degradation patterns.…”

Identification the Role of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Photovoltaics via Advanced Atomic Force Microscope

“…All‐inorganic halide perovskite (AIHP) has become a promising candidate for solving the problem of hygroscopic and thermal instability. [ 143,144 ] Recently, the efficiency of all‐inorganic PeSCs has been developing rapidly, but research on its microproperties is still limited. Luchkin et al.…”

“…All-inorganic halide perovskite (AIHP) has become a promising candidate for solving the problem of hygroscopic and thermal instability. [143,144] Recently, the efficiency of all-inorganic PeSCs has been developing rapidly, but research on its microproperties is still limited. Luchkin et al observed a current increase in the CsPbBr 3 absorbing layer measured through conductive SPM (C-SPM) after thermal aging without structural degradation.…”

Emerging lead-free all inorganic perovskite single crystals K7Bi3X16 (X = Cl, Br) toward photodetector application

“…Furthermore, to overcome the problem of instability, we can replace an organic cation with an inorganic cation namely K + , forming an all-inorganic perovskite to improve the chemical and thermal stability compared with organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites. 17 The lead-free inorganic perovskites exhibit the aforementioned environmental protection, stability, and exceptional optoelectronic properties, making them a promising substitute for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites in the field of photodetectors.…”