Toward Open Government in Paraguay

Gamification of E-Participation: A Literature Review

“…Nonetheless. citizens remain relatively inactive, or at least insignificantly engaged in offline or online participation, oblivious to the societal importance of such practice [3,11,14,16,21]. E-participation is a difficult area of human engagement as it can be seen to exists outside the common hurdles of the everyday mundane life and where the effects of participation are often invisible or take time to materialized.…”

Governments Should Play Games

“…In spite of the worldwide increase in the number of people spending a large percentage of their time online (Lee & Kim, 2014), governments are struggling to maintain active participation on their civic engagement platforms (Alharbi et al, 2016; Cernuzzi & Pane, 2014). According to Ofcom (2015), internet users nowadays spend an average of 20 hours per week online - twice as much time as was seen 10 years ago.…”

“…It is believed to improve community planning, reduce governance costs, and to increase the trust and perceived legitimacy of governments (Coronado Escobar & Vasquez Urriago, 2014; Macintosh, 2004). However, civic engagement is a practice that communities, non-governmental organizations and governments globally attempt to foster, but with inconsistent results (Alharbi, Kang, & Hawryszkiewycz, 2016; Bista et al, 2014; Cernuzzi & Pane, 2014; Coronado & Urriago, 2014; Dargan & Evequoz, 2015; Eränpalo, 2014; Jin, Zhou, Lee, & Cheung, 2013; Mendonca & Alawadhi, 2015; Rothschild, 2016; Supendi & Prihatmanto, 2015). Many modern technologies offer a wide variety of methods to facilitate general community building and civic engagement (Coronado Escobar & Vasquez Urriago, 2014; Lee & Kim, 2014), These technologies so far include (but are not limited to) forums and chat rooms (Komito, 2005; Lee & Kim, 2014; Phang & Kankanhalli, 2008), social networking technologies (Abdelghaffar & Sameer, 2013; Sameer & Abdelghaffar, 2015), and games (Bista et al, 2014; Kahne, Middaugh, & Evans, 2009; Mayer, 2009).…”

“…The administrative purposes behind the development of civic engagement platforms and the introduction of new technologies to enable two-way government-citizen communication vary (Abdelghaffar & Sameer, 2013; Gordon, Walter, & Suarez, 2014; Phang & Kankanhalli, 2008; Macintosh, 2004), but active participation (engagement) on civic engagement platforms is essential for the platforms to reach their operational and societal objectives (Coronado Escobar & Vasquez Urriago, 2014; Jin et al, 2013; Lee & Kim, 2014; Macintosh, 2004; Rothschild, 2016; Sánchez-Nielsen & Lee, 2013). Unfortunately, it is frequently reported that governments worldwide are struggling to maintain communities that are willing to actively engage with online civic participation channels (Alharbi et al, 2016; Bista et al, 2014; Cernuzzi & Pane, 2014; Coronado Escobar & Vasquez Urriago, 2014; Dargan & Evequoz, 2015; Eränpalo, 2014; Jin et al, 2013; Mendonca & Alawadhi, 2015). This is thought to be due to the difficulty of meeting the users’ needs for enjoyment when they use an IT-based artifact, and also the government’s need to introduce serious administrative applications (Dargan & Evequoz, 2015).…”

GNER: A Generative Model for Geological Named Entity Recognition Without Labeled Data Using Deep Learning

“…As engagement in the geoscience domain continues to grow within governmental agencies and scientific organizations and the number of related computational models expands, an overwhelming amount of geoscience text is becoming available in a variety of digital forms and in numerous languages (Lima et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2017;Xiao et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2015). Such free text is often recorded in either structured or unstructured forms (e.g., technical reports, geological reports, books, and other types of reports), thus posing challenges for engineers and scientists who need to effectively manage, share, analyze, and reuse all these online data (Cernuzzi & Pane, 2014;Ma, 2017;Wang et al, 2018). As a key collection of open data, the geoscience literature is a rich resource that can facilitate in knowledge discovery and information extraction because this literature contains voluminous meaningful information and expertly defined data that can be applied to train new models and enrich our understanding (Cracknell & Reading, 2014;Qiu et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2015).…”