Toward Innovative Integrated Approaches for the Conservation of Mammals

Brito, Daniel; Grelle, Carlos Eduardo de Viveiros; Machado, Ricardo B.; Loyola, Rafael; Eizirik, Eduardo; Aguiar, Ludmilla Moura de Souza

doi:10.4322/natcon.2011.001

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In a conservation context, the conservation of intraspecific variation has been dominated by the debate among how to define evolutionary significant units (ESUs) or management units (MUs) (e.g., Fraser and Bernatchez 2001; see also Diniz-Filho and Telles 2002 for a proposal to define operational units to be used with continuous variation in the geographical space), or meta-population dynamic processes related to persistence (e.g., McCarthy et al 2005). It is important, however, to generalize this to a more basic representation of the genetic variability throughout geographical space and, in this context, SCP procedures may be quite useful as well (e.g., see Diniz-Filho and Bini 2011;Loyola et al 2011;Neel and Cummings 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Planning for optimal conservation of geographical genetic variability within species

et al. 2012

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Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) involves a series of steps that should be accomplished to determine the most cost-effective way to invest in conservation action. Although SCP has been usually applied at the species level (or hierarchically higher), it is possible to use alleles from molecular analyses at the population level as basic units for analyses. Here we demonstrate how SCP procedures can be used to establish optimum strategies for in situ and ex situ conservation of a single species, using Dipteryx alata (a Fabaceae tree species widely distributed and endemics to Brazilian Cerrado) as a case study. Data for the analyses consisted in 52 alleles from eight microsatellite loci coded for a total of 644 individual trees sampled in 25 local populations throughout species' geographic range. We found optimal solutions in which seven local populations are the smallest set of local populations of D. alata that should be conserved to represent the known genetic diversity. Combining these several solutions allowed estimating the relative importance of the local populations for conserving all known alleles, taking into account the current land-use patterns in the region. A germplasm collection for this species already exists, so we also used SCP approach to identify the smallest number of populations that should be further collected in the field to complement the existing collection, showing that only four local populations should be sampled for optimizing the species ex situ representation. The initial application of the SCP methods to genetic data showed here can be a useful starting point for methodological and conceptual improvements and may be a first important step towards a comprehensive and balanced quantitative definition of conservation goals, shedding light to new possibilities for in situ and ex situ designs within species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Planning for optimal conservation of geographical genetic variability within species

et al. 2012

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“…As highlighted by Klink & Machado (), widespread use of African grasses for pasture is detrimental to biodiversity, fire cycles and ecosystem productive capacity, which may impact mammal faunas in different ways. Conservation actions regarding these other threats involve coordinated actions such as adaptive management, population monitoring programmes and establishment of protected areas (and extension and consolidation of existing ones) and ecological corridors, capacity building, and technical assistance to farmers (Klink & Machado, ; Loyola et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For the cerrado, in particular, climate change can be a great threat to biodiversity (Siqueira & Peterson, ; Diniz‐filho et al ., ; Diniz‐Filho et al ., ; Loyola et al ., ; Faleiro et al ., ). Development of new analyses that incorporate climate change and species' dispersal ability is imperative to this region (Loyola et al ., ; Faleiro et al ., ). Soil degradation and the spread of invasive species (especially African grasses) are also major agents of threats (Klink & Machado, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Socioeconomic and political trade‐offs in biodiversity conservation: a case study of theCerradoBiodiversityHotspot,Brazil

Faleiro

Loyola

2013

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim To analyse spatial trade‐offs in conservation of mammals, considering benefits of biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic costs. Location Cerrado Biodiversity Hotspot, Brazil. Methods We built ecological niche models (ENMs) for 154 mammals inhabiting the cerrado. We combined model projections to produce consensus maps of species' distributions for three types of models (envelope, statistical and machine‐learning models). We used these range summaries as input data in spatial prioritization analyses. We compared six conservation scenarios, considering human population density, land cost, anthropogenic land use, political willingness to act and the distribution of species using trade‐off analyses. We complemented the current network of protected areas, aiming to achieve a target of 17% of land protection in the cerrado. Results Species‐rich sites coincide with regions with high human population, high land cost, high anthropogenic land use and diverse levels of political willingness to act. We found a significant change in spatial priorities when we included socioeconomic and political dimensions in analyses: top‐priority sites moved north, reduced by 68% potential conservation conflicts with human population, reduced by 72% the total monetary cost of actions and reduced by 68% conflict with other anthropogenic land uses. It also increased by 80% the beneficial effect of political willingness to act. Main conclusions Our results reinforce the idea that using only biological criteria for proposing spatial conservation priorities can undermine conservation plans given increases in socioeconomic and political conflicts.

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“…A comprehensive view of these space-time processes and deeper integration of concepts and methods is important for both understanding the dynamics of biodiversity and to establish better strategies for its conservation under the current biodiversity crisis (Whittaker et al 2005;Ladle & Whittaker 2011;Loyola et al 2011). As a consequence of the complexity around the biodiversity concept and of research traditions, studies have generally been ad hoc, focusing on parts of the evolutionary/ hierarchical continuum (as defined by the FBUs), in which different stochastic or deterministic processes predominate.…”

Section: "Biodiversity Is Often Defined As the Variety Of All Forms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Patterns in Biodiversity: Towards an Integration of Concepts and Methods from Genes to Species Diversity

Diniz‐Filho

Bini

2011

Nat. Conserv.

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Definitions of Biodiversity that encompass multiple levels of the biological hierarchy are common and fulfill theoretical and conservation expectations. However, these definitions are usually not fully operational because these levels are usually analyzed independently. We understand that the difficulties in integrating concepts and methods for distinct "Fundamental Biodiversity Units" (FBUs) for analyses, including genes, haplotypes or neutral molecular variants, species, biomes or ecosystem, arise both because of operational and conceptual difficulties in dealing with the evolutionary continuum and because of 'sociological' issues regarding how different research traditions in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology deal with these different FBUs. Here we explore some common patterns of geographic variation in FBUs at different hierarchical levels, starting from the conceptual view by which evolution give rises to a continuum of biodiversity. We seek for an integrated methodological and conceptual framework to study FBUs, searching for the relationships and commonalities of concepts and methods traditionally developed to evaluate patterns and processes at a given level of the biological hierarchy. We point out several cases where conceptual and theoretical advances have been made by using an integrated perspective based for FBUs, for the analysis of broad-scale gradients in richness, distance decay similarity and systematic conservation planning. We conclude by stating that the recognition of an integrated approach that takes the evolutionary continuum into account may be an important step to mitigate biodiversity loss.

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Toward Innovative Integrated Approaches for the Conservation of Mammals

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Planning for optimal conservation of geographical genetic variability within species

Planning for optimal conservation of geographical genetic variability within species

Socioeconomic and political trade‐offs in biodiversity conservation: a case study of theCerradoBiodiversityHotspot,Brazil

Geographical Patterns in Biodiversity: Towards an Integration of Concepts and Methods from Genes to Species Diversity

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