“…Furthermore, when the surgical robot interacts with its environment by puncturing, twisting, cutting, etc., it is expected to autonomously identify the unforeseen circumstances and implement the appropriate algorithms [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 19 , 20 ]. Thus, there is a sharply increasing desire for force control research in the field of surgical robots in recent decades, especially for active force control [ 21 ].…”