Toward Electrically Tunable, Lithography-Free, Ultra-Thin Color Filters Covering the Whole Visible Spectrum

Aalizadeh, Majid; Serebryannikov, Andriy E.; Khavasi, Amin; Vandenbosch, Guy A. E.; Özbay, Ekmel

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29544-x

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The color depends on the thickness of the insulating layer (i.e., the dielectric spacer). Although the applicability of the F-P resonator as color filters and colorimetric chemical sensors has been extensively investigated, [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] the utilization of this resonator structure as mechanochromic sensors has rarely been reported, mainly because of the difficulty in making it mechanically adaptable. To obtain a stretchable F-P sensor, a polystyrene-polybutadienepolystyrene (SBS) triblock copolymer film was employed as the dielectric spacer layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetric Detection of Mechanical Deformation in Metals using Thin‐Film Mechanochromic Sensor

Bae

Seo

Lee

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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tively captured during deformation using one or more cameras, and the obtained digital image data (a series of photos) are analyzed using the DIC software. The displacements and strains of individual regions are determined by correlating the position of pixel subsets in the images, typically based on contrast (i.e., gray intensity levels). Combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DIC can also be used to monitor microstructural changes in metals during deformation. [7][8][9] For DIC to work effectively, the surface of the specimen must have a random pattern. It is generally obtained by spraying black and white paint onto the specimen surface. Although DIC is an effective technique for generating full-field strain maps, its use in outdoor environments is challenging because a permanent setup is required for multiple measurements at different stages of deformation. There is a need for measurement techniques that can be easily implemented, and are highly accurate.In this study, we present a colorimetric method for measuring mechanical deformation in metals. This method is based on the color change in an attached thin-film mechanochromic sensor. The goal of this study is to develop a cost-effective and feasible technique for structural health monitoring. If mechanochromic sensors are attached to the surfaces of a metallic engineering structure, as shown in Figure 1a, the damage to the structure can be identified by the color changes in the sensor. This approach significantly helps prevent disasters by forecasting the potential failure of a structure. Sensors invisible to the naked eye may be captured using a camera with a telescopic lens. Difficult-to-access areas can be monitored using drones. Despite numerous, recent studies on mechanochromic sensors and their applications, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] the quantitative measurement of mechanical deformation in metals through the use of mechanochromic sensors has not yet been reported. Many mechanochromic sensors developed to date employ periodic structures such as photonic crystals and surface relief patterns. [14][15][16][26][27][28] Although these periodic structures exhibit high wavelength selectivity, the iridescent nature of the revealed color and the difficulty in maintaining periodicity over a large area limit the practical application of these structures. Photonic glasses with a short-range order may exhibit angle-independent colors; [30][31][32] however, their reflection spectra are extremely broad with low reflectivity, thereby leading to weak and dark colors. In this study, a Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonator structure comprising

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetric Detection of Mechanical Deformation in Metals using Thin‐Film Mechanochromic Sensor

Bae

Seo

Lee

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…20 An electrical tuning mechanism was suggested using MIM with an electro-optical insulating layer. 21 Another approach is using stimuli-responsive insulator layers, which would change the thickness or refractive index and therefore shift the resonance of the MIM structure. 22,23 One example of such materials is hydrogels, which are responsive to several stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity- and Temperature-Tunable Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Reflective Filters

Chervinskii

Issah

Lahikainen

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A tunable reflectance filter based on a metal–hydrogel–metal structure responsive to humidity and temperature is reported. The filter employs a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–acrylamidobenzophenone (PNIPAm–BP) hydrogel as an insulator layer in the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) assembly. The optical resonance of the structure is tunable by water immersion across the visible and near-infrared range. Swelling/deswelling and the volume phase transition of the hydrogel allow continuous reversible humidity- and/or temperature-induced tuning of the optical resonance. This work paves the way toward low-cost large-area fabrication of actively tunable reversible photonic devices.

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“…The optical properties controllable by the artificial nanostructure of MDM resonators enable us to employ these resonators as color filters 2 , 5 , 6 , colored solar cells 7 , and solar absorbers for thermophotovoltaics 8 and thermoelectrics 9 , 10 . Moreover, electrically tunable optical properties of the MDM structure enable new applications such as high-resolution displays, optical communications, and color-tunable windows 11 , 12 . MDM layered structures by depositing metal and dielectric layers, are advantageous for commercialization because they can be easily applied to large size films and lithography-free fabrications 3 , 13 When using lossy metals, such as Cr, Ni, W, and Ti, the MDM structure can absorb a broadband light spectrum with a high absorption intensity exceeding 95% and wavelength ranges from 400–800 nm 2 , 13 , 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature differences in plasmonic broadband absorber on PET and Si substrates

Kim

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The characteristics of a plasmonic resonator with a metal–dielectric–metal structure is influenced by the size, shape, and spacing of the nanostructure. The plasmonic resonators can be used in various applications such as color filters, light emitting diodes, photodetectors, and broadband absorbers. In particular, broadband absorbers are widely used in thermophotovoltaics and thermoelectrics. To achieve a higher photothermal conversion efficiency, it is important to provoke a larger temperature difference in the absorber. The absorption and thermal conductance of the absorber has a great impact on the temperature difference, but in order to further improve the temperature difference of the absorber, the thermal conductivity of the substrate should be considered carefully. In this study, we designed Cr/SiO 2 /Cr absorbers on different substrates, i.e., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and silicon. Although their optical properties do not change significantly, the temperature difference of the absorber on the PET substrate is considerably higher than that on the Si substrate under laser illumination, i.e., 164 K for ΔT PET and 3.7 K for ΔT Si , respectively. This is attributed to the thermal conductance of the substrate materials, which is confirmed by the thermal relaxation time. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient of graphene on the absorber, 9.8 μV/K, is obtained by photothermoelectrics. The proposed Cr/SiO 2 /Cr structure provides a clear scheme to achieve high performance in photothermoelectric devices.

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Toward Electrically Tunable, Lithography-Free, Ultra-Thin Color Filters Covering the Whole Visible Spectrum

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Colorimetric Detection of Mechanical Deformation in Metals using Thin‐Film Mechanochromic Sensor

Colorimetric Detection of Mechanical Deformation in Metals using Thin‐Film Mechanochromic Sensor

Humidity- and Temperature-Tunable Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Reflective Filters

High-temperature differences in plasmonic broadband absorber on PET and Si substrates

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