Humidity- and Temperature-Tunable Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Reflective Filters

Chervinskii, Semen; Issah, Ibrahim; Lahikainen, Markus; Rashed, Alireza R.; Kuntze, Kim; Priimägi, Arri; Çağlayan, Hümeyra

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c15616

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The next step was photopolymerization under UV light (365 nm from CoolLED pE-4000 focused on sample area), the time required for complete cross-linking of PNIPAm-BP-RhB copolymer was 40 min. This time was confirmed by the disappearance of the 301 nm peak in the optical transmittance spectra of the reference hydrogel coatings on glass …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Au has been used for the metal layers owing to its nonoxidizing nature and stable plasmonic properties . We have selected PNIPAm-BP as the insulating layer owing to its excellent thin-film forming , and swelling properties. , Because of the thin hydrogel layer, the swelling/deswelling modulates the hydrogel thickness, hence changing the resonance of the whole MIM structure …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serpe et al have worked extensively on tunable etalons where the dielectric layer comprises a PNIPAm microgel, which in an aqueous environment responds to different stimuli and displays color tuning. − In addition, Chervinskii et al have shown the dynamic tuning of the MIM cavity resonance by tuning the thickness of a hydrogel insulating layer . However, all aforementioned studies do not converse emission tuning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhodamine B acrylate was synthesized from commercial rhodamine B as described below. Benzophenone acrylamide (BP) and the copolymer were prepared in a similar fashion to the procedures in our earlier publication, 48 yielding the copolymer with composition 98.5:2.0:0.5 (NIPAm/BP/RhB), determined with 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ).…”

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52−58 In addition, Chervinskii et al have shown the dynamic tuning of the MIM cavity resonance by tuning the thickness of a hydrogel insulating layer. 48 However, all aforementioned studies do not converse emission tuning. Herein, after first exploring the passive tuning of emission, we demonstrate active tuning of emission via hydrogel-based MIM in response to ambient humidity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Humidity-Controlled Tunable Emission in a Dye-Incorporated Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Cavity

et al. 2022

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Actively controllable photoluminescence is potent for a wide variety of applications from biosensing and imaging to optoelectronic components. Traditionally, methods to achieve active emission control are limited due to complex fabrication processes or irreversible tuning. Here, we demonstrate active emission tuning, achieved by changing the ambient humidity in a fluorescent dye-containing hydrogel integrated into a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) system. Altering the overlapping region of the MIM cavity resonance and the absorption and emission spectra of the dye used is the underlying principle to achieving tunability of the emission. We first verify this by passive tuning of cavity resonance and further experimentally demonstrate active tuning in both air and aqueous environments. The proposed approach is reversible, easy to integrate, and spectrally scalable, thus providing opportunities for developing tunable photonic devices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Humidity-Controlled Tunable Emission in a Dye-Incorporated Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Cavity

et al. 2022

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Moisture‐Driven Switching of Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum in the Visible Region

Zheng

Shen

Zou

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Fast and full switching of plasmonic resonances would provide a building block for integrated electro‐optically active plasmonics. To date, limited by the material properties, achieving a plasmonic resonance that can be turned fully ON and OFF in the visible region remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a nearly full optical switching based on a moisture‐driven metal‐hydrogel‐metal (MHM) metasurface at visible frequency is experimentally realized. As a result of the bound state in the continuum (BIC)‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition in the MHM, a sharp Fano‐type quasi‐BIC resonance can be switched off and back on with an ultrahigh reflectance modulation depth up to −14.6 dB within 1 s by moisture loading. Such a BIC‐to‐quasi‐BIC transition can be well mediated by engineering the coupling between the magnetic mode and surface plasmon polariton via an active control of the gap distance between the two metallic layers. Using this concept, the MHM is demonstrated as a fast‐response breathing sensor with a maximum detectable respiratory rate of up to 30 breaths per minute (bpm). These results suggest that our approach will help to realize plasmonic‐based integrated active optical devices in optical sensing and modulation.

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Dynamically Tunable Optical Cavities with Embedded Nematic Liquid Crystalline Networks

et al. 2023

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prompted a renewed interest in asymmetric Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities, also termed Gires-Tournois resonators. They are comprised of one optically thick and one optically thin metallic mirror through which light can enter the structure. These optical elements are known for their ease of fabrication and effectiveness in resonating and enhancing light-matter interaction at selected wavelengths. [4,6,7] The general strategy to achieve dynamic tuning in FP resonators is to replace the passive insulator that commonly sits between the mirrors by dynamically tunable materials such as graphene, [11][12][13] phase-change magnesium, [14] electro-optical polymers, [15] liquid crystals (LCs) [16][17][18] and conducting oxides [19][20][21] via the field-effect. [22] Several works showed that electrical gating of indium-tin-oxide incorporated in the cavity facilitates control over light absorption [12,19] and its reflection phase in mid-infrared [20] and near-infrared. [21] Other research exploited electrochromic oxide [23] and polymers [24][25][26] with nanostructures to tune the resulting reflected color. Researchers showed that optical pumping of gallium-doped zinc oxide [27] and alumina [28] allows for ultrafast modulation of cavity resonances in a sub-picosecond regime. Tuning can also be achieved in non-conventional ways by light pressure, [29] directed self-assembly of nanoparticles in a liquid electrolyte [30] and by phase-tunable meta-mirrors. [31] To reduce fabrication complexity, a large variety of responsive materials Tunable metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities that can dynamically control light enable novel sensing, imaging and display applications. However, the realization of dynamic cavities incorporating stimuliresponsive materials poses a significant engineering challenge. Current approaches rely on refractive index modulation and suffer from low dynamic tunability, high losses, and limited spectral ranges, and require liquid and hazardous materials for operation. To overcome these challenges, a new tuning mechanism employing reversible mechanical adaptations of a polymer network is proposed, and dynamic tuning of optical resonances is demonstrated. Solid-state temperature-responsive optical coatings are developed by preparing a monodomain nematic liquid crystalline network (LCN) and are incorporated between metallic mirrors to form active optical microcavities. LCN microcavities offer large, reversible and highly linear spectral tuning of FP resonances reaching wavelength-shifts up to 40 nm via thermomechanical actuation while featuring outstanding repeatability and precision over more than 100 heating-cooling cycles. This degree of tunability allows for reversible switching between the reflective and the absorbing states of the device over the entire visible and near-infrared spectral regions, reaching large changes in reflectance with modulation efficiency ΔR = 79%.

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Humidity- and Temperature-Tunable Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Reflective Filters

Cited by 13 publications

References 70 publications

Humidity-Controlled Tunable Emission in a Dye-Incorporated Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Cavity

Humidity-Controlled Tunable Emission in a Dye-Incorporated Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Cavity

Moisture‐Driven Switching of Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum in the Visible Region

Dynamically Tunable Optical Cavities with Embedded Nematic Liquid Crystalline Networks

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