Toward effective passivation of graphene to humidity sensing effects

Smith, Anderson David; Elgammal, Karim; Fan, Xuge; Delin, Anna; Niklaus, Frank; Östling, Mikael

doi:10.1109/essderc.2016.7599645

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, graphene has been employed in sensors with outstanding sensitivity. − Gas and humidity sensing based on graphene have been studied intensively, whereby graphene has demonstrated fast response and recovery times. − The humidity sensitivity of graphene is caused by direct adsorption of water molecules onto its surface and can therefore be inhibited by a covering passivation layer. This enables simultaneous integration of graphene-based humidity sensors with other graphene components . Similar effects and preventative strategies were identified for other atomically thin materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Quellmalz

Smith

Elgammal

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The electrical contact resistance at metal–graphene interfaces can significantly degrade the properties of graphene devices and is currently hindering the full exploitation of graphene’s potential. Therefore, the influence of environmental factors, such as humidity, on the metal–graphene contact resistance is of interest for all graphene devices that operate without hermetic packaging. We experimentally studied the influence of humidity on bottom-contacted chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) graphene–gold contacts, by extracting the contact resistance from transmission line model (TLM) test structures. Our results indicate that the contact resistance is not significantly affected by changes in relative humidity (RH). This behavior is in contrast to the measured humidity sensitivity of graphene’s sheet resistance. In addition, we employ density functional theory (DFT) simulations to support our experimental observations. Our DFT simulation results demonstrate that the electronic structure of the graphene sheet on top of silica is much more sensitive to adsorbed water molecules than the charge density at the interface between gold and graphene. Thus, we predict no degradation of device performance by alterations in contact resistance when such contacts are exposed to humidity. This knowledge underlines that bottom-contacting of graphene is a viable approach for a variety of graphene devices and the back end of the line integration on top of conventional integrated circuits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…This enables simultaneous integration of graphene-based humidity sensors with other graphene components. 14 Similar effects and preventative strategies were identified for other atomically thin materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ). 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Quellmalz

Smith

Elgammal

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…4), the graphene devices were passivated with a 25 nm layer of Al 2 O 3 deposited over the entire device surface before packaging the devices. 75 Fig. 5a displays a passivated device where the Al 2 O 3 layer prevents CO 2 molecules from being adsorbed directly onto the graphene surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based CO₂ sensing and its cross-sensitivity with humidity

et al. 2017

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“…Smith et. al, [49,50,51] had investigated graphene's humidity and CO2 sensing behavior through visualizing charge transfer throughout the graphene sheet within the calculational supercell, where they analyzed the effect of water and CO2 adsorbates on top of a graphene sheet. Similarly, in this work, the charge transfer of D-type glucose adsorbed on top of a graphene sheet resting on top of a Pt111 substrate cut was noticed, as well as the direct adsorption of D-glucose on top of a Pt <111> substrate surface.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Enhanced Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Graphene-Heterostructure

Sakr

Elgammal

Delin

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Non-enzymatic glucose sensing is a crucial field of study because of the current market demand. This study proposes a novel design of glucose sensor with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity by using graphene Schottky diodes, which is composed of Graphene/Platinum Oxide/n-Silicon heterostructure. The sensor was tested with different glucose concentrations and interfering solutions to investigate its sensitivity and selectivity. Different structures of the device were studied by adjusting the platinum oxide film thickness to investigate its catalytic activity. It was found that the film thickness plays a significant role in the efficiency of glucose oxidation and hence in overall device sensitivity. Moreover, theoretical investigations were conducted using Density Function Theory (DFT) to better understand the detection method and the origins of selectivity. The working principle of the sensors puts it in a competitive position with other non-enzymatic glucose sensors. DFT calculations provided a qualitative explanation of the charges distributed across the graphene sheet within a system of a platinum substrate with D-glucose molecules above. The proposed graphene/PtO/n-Si heterostructure has proven to satisfy these factors, which opens the door for further developments of more reliable non-enzymatic glucometers for continuous glucose monitoring systems.

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Toward effective passivation of graphene to humidity sensing effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Graphene-based CO₂ sensing and its cross-sensitivity with humidity

Performance-Enhanced Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Graphene-Heterostructure

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Toward effective passivation of graphene to humidity sensing effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Graphene-based CO2 sensing and its cross-sensitivity with humidity

Performance-Enhanced Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Graphene-Heterostructure

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Product

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Graphene-based CO₂ sensing and its cross-sensitivity with humidity