Toward an experimental analysis of verbal shaping in psychotherapy

Abstract

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Functional Coding System for Verbal Interaction in Clinical Contexts

“…In this way we could evaluate if this type of pattern occurs more likely in the group of therapists and if the use of these patterns is related to a better therapeutic outcome of the intervention. These data would represent a significant advance in this line of research, following the lead of previous studies that have used certain experimental control over the therapist's verbalizations (i.e., Pardo-Cebrian et al, 2021). On the other hand, the analysis of the different topographies of Conditioned Motivating Operations in session would help to know more about the role of this type of verbalizations in the verbal control of clients' behavior.…”

“…Direct observational analysis of verbal interaction has been a useful strategy for the study of verbal interaction in session (e.g., Calero-Elvira et al, 2013;Galván-Domínguez et al, 2020;Pardo-Cebrian et al, 2021), it makes possible the study of verbal sequences that occur in the natural context and makes possible the analysis of the distribution of behaviors over time (Bakeman & Quera, 2011). This research method involves the use of a system of coding the verbal behavior of the therapist and the client in session.…”

“…Finally, the SIST-INTER-CVT was also developed from a functional-analytic perspective and was meant to address the main limitations of the FAPRS. This system have been conceptually and empirically developed in different publications through the last fifteen years (Froxán-Parga et al, 2006, 2008Ruiz-Sancho et al, 2015); it have been used to analyze psychological interventions rooted in different perspectives (e.g., Álvarez-Iglesias, 2017;Galván-Domínguez et al, 2020) and to analyze different procedures within the verbal interaction (Marchena-Giráldez et al, 2013;Pardo-Cebrian et al, 2021). However, among other limitations (i.e., number of categories, observation complexity, etc.…”

Verbal interaction pattern analysis in clinical psychology

“…GSEQ ( Bakeman and Quera, 2016 ) was the software used to conduct the sequential analysis of the data. We selected this software because it is generally employed in observational research (e.g., Santoyo et al, 2017 ; Brown et al, 2018 ); it was specifically used in previous research in the study of verbal interaction in clinical cases ( Calero-Elvira et al, 2013 ; Pardo-Cebrian et al, 2021 ); and it was specially developed to calculate sequential patterns in observational data ( Bakeman and Quera, 1995 , 2016 ). Finally, we used ThemeEdu software ( Pattern Vision, 2021 ) for automatic pattern detection.…”

“…Also, helped to develop coding systems for the observational study of the verbal interaction like the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS; Callaghan et al, 2008 ); the Multidimensional System for Coding Behaviors in Therapist-Client interaction (SiMCCIT; Zamignani, 2008 ) or the Verbal Interaction Categorization System in Therapy ( Froxán-Parga et al, 2011 ; Alonso-Vega et al, 2022 ). Using these coding systems allowed to describe the verbal interaction between psychologist and client in clinical sessions (e.g., Froxán-Parga et al, 2016 ), to study the effects of it outside of the session (e.g., Lizarazo et al, 2015 ), to study the molecular learning processes that occur in this interaction (e.g., Busch et al, 2009 ), to analyze the interaction during specific techniques like cognitive restructuring (e.g., Calero-Elvira et al, 2013 ; Froxán-Parga et al, 2018 ), and to conduct experiments to study the verbal shaping during clinical sessions ( Pardo-Cebrian et al, 2021 ). These works helped to analyze the basic principles of change in psychological interventions, however, they report methodological problems to study moment-to-moment interactions.…”