“…The last few decades have witnessed a revolution of information technology (IT) in modern society. − This revolution has been put forward on appliances that can intelligently respond to stimuli from the external environment. − To this end, the sensing technology is one of the most significant technical foundations of the IT industry. ,, The recent ambitious demand urges the development of sensor networks that involve millions of sensor units with diverse functionalities and independent operations to achieve massive data acquisition almost instantaneously. − The realization of such sensor networks relies on high-quality and multifunction sensing units. Although sensing technologies such as spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, gas chromatography, and ion mobility spectrometry have been heavily studied and commercially used, , these technologies normally face limitations from long response time, label detection, insufficient sensitivity, external reagents, expensive equipment, and lack of portability. , Thus, current efforts have been devoted into developing emerging technologies such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, , lab-on-a-chip sensors, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), , surface plasmon resonance (SPR), , lateral flow immunoassay, electrochemiluminescence, , field-effect transistor (FET) sensors, , etc.…”