Toward a Selective Analysis of Heavy Metal Salts in Aqueous Media with a Fluorescent Probe Array

Abstract

Detection of heavy meals in aqueous media challenges worldwide research in developing particularly fast and affordable methods. Fluorescent sensors look to be an appropriate instrument for such a task, as recently they have been found to have made large progress in the detection of chemical analytes, primarily in the environment, along with biological fluids, which still suffer from not enough selectivity. In this work, we propose a new fluorescent method to selectively recognize heavy metals in an aqueous solution via employing an array of several fluorescent probes: acridine yellow, eosin, and methylene blue, which were taken as examples, being sensitive to a microsurrounding of the probe molecules. The exemplary sensor array generated six channels of spectral information through the use of various combinations of excitation and detection wavelengths. Following the known multisensor approach, we applied a linear discriminant analysis to selectively distinguish the vector signals from the sensor array from salts of heavy metals—Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cz—at the concentration ranges of 2.41 × 10−6–1.07 × 10−5 M, 2.8 × 10−5–5.87 × 10−4 M, 1.46 × 10−6–6.46 × 10−6 M, 1.17 × 10−8–5.2 × 10−8 M, and 2.11 × 10−6–9.33 × 10−6 M, respectively. The suggested approach was found to be promising due to it employing only one cuvette containing the test solution, simplifying a sample preparation when compared to preparing a variety of solutions in tests with single fluorescence probes.

Synthesis of a Novel Hydrazone Functionality based Spectrophotometric Probe for Selective and Sensitive Estimation of Toxic Heavy Metal Ions

“…[48] 10 2 -10 3 nM/l 37 nM [49] 20ppb-10 ppm 20ppb [40] (0.28-5.87)10 À 4 M - [50] 4-28 μM 0.75 μM Present Work 0.2-10 12 [51] Cd 2 + 0- 10 10 [52] 0-40 25 [53] (1.17-5.2)10 À 8 - [50] 10ppb-10 ppm 10ppb [40] 2-14 nM 0.75 nM Present Work…”

A review on photochemical sensors for lithium ion detection: relationship between the structure and performance

“…Fluorescent sensors have high accuracy and selectivity and are widely used in clinical diagnosis, 61,62 food safety, 63 and detection of heavy metal ions. 64,65 Fluorescent sensors have been proven to be the most suitable option for the detection of metal ions. 66 A uorescent sensor consists of a uorophore moiety and a guest acceptor in a spaced or integrated scaffold (Fig.…”

Identification of Cadmium Compounds in a Solution Using Graphene-Based Sensor Array

“…Heavy metals are highly biotoxic and extremely dangerous, not only to humans but also to all living organisms; therefore, early detection of heavy metals is important [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. When a heavy-metal leak occurs, the surrounding environment must be immediately measured.…”