Toward a Clinical Subgrouping of Hyperactive and Nonhyperactive Attention Deficit Disorder

Frank, Yitzchak; Ben-Nun, Yocheved

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1988.02150020055026

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The finding is in contrast to that of Carlson et al (1986) who failed to find any significant visual-motor skill differences between children with attention-deficit disorder (ADD) with hyperactivity, ADD without hyperactivity, or their control groups. Additionally, the current finding does not support the findings of Frank and Ben-Nun (1988) that children with ADD with hyperactivity have poorer ball handling than children with ADD without hyperactivity. The DSM-IV equivalent groups within the current study were not significantly different in their ball handling ability and inattentive symptomatology was again linked to poorer motor performance.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD

Pitcher

Piek

Hay

2003

Develop Med Child Neuro

340

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In the this study, both fine and gross motor ability of males with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were compared with a group of control children. Three groups of males with the following ADHD subtypes: predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI; n=50), hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-HI; n=16), or combined (ADHD-C; n=38) were compared with 39 control males. Mean ages for the control group were 10 years 4 months (SD 1 year 4 months, range 7 years 8 months to 12 years 11 months); for the ADHD-PI group, 10 years (SD 1 year 2 months, range 7 years 10 months to 13 years); for the ADHD-HI group, 9 years 11 months (SD 1 year 2 months), range 7 years 11 months to 12 years 6 months); and for the ADHD-C group 10 years 2 months (SD 1 year 4 months, range 8 to 13 years). The Australian Disruptive Behaviours Scale and Connors' Parent Rating Scale-Revised were used to assess ADHD symptomatology. Verbal IQ was estimated using two verbal subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and movement ability was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and the Purdue Pegboard test. Findings demonstrated that the children with ADHD had significantly poorer movement ability than control children. A high percentage of these children displayed movement difficulties consistent with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). In addition, the current study found that the type and degree of movement difficulty differed between subtypes. The Total Impairment score, as derived from the MABC, was less severe for the ADHD-HI group than the other two ADHD groups, but more severe than for the control group. Males with ADHD-PI and ADHD-C had significantly poorer fine motor ability (p<0.001) than control males, whereas the ADHD-HI group did not differ significantly from any of the other groups. As children with ADHD only and the control group did not differ significantly on fine motor ability but were significantly better than children categorized with both ADHD and DCD, it was argued that poorer fine motor ability found in children with ADHD could not be attributed to deficits in attention and concentration, but rather to factors relating to their motor ability.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD

Pitcher

Piek

Hay

2003

Develop Med Child Neuro

340

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“…However, this differential family history has not been replicated in two other studies that reported such data (Faraone, Biederman, & Friedman, 2000;Frank & Ben-Nun, 1988). Although the studies consistently support the conclusion that neurocognitive deficits evidence that the combined group is more associated with externalizing problems, whereas the inattentive group is more associated with internalizing problems.…”

Section: Family Historymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Specifically, Klorman et al (1999), using an appropriately powerful design, did find executive functioning deficits to be specific to the combined group. Finally, Frank and Ben-Nun (1988) found that ADD/H children had a greater history of perinatal or neonatal abnormality as well as higher amounts of abnormal motor skills than ADD/ WO children. A few studies pointed to processing deficits in the inattentive group, including set shifting on the trail-making test (Nigg et al, 2000) and automatized processing on the RAN/RAS tasks (Hynd et al, 1991).…”

Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

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ADHD Combined Type and ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type Are Distinct and Unrelated Disorders

Milich¹

2001

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

202

250

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We comprehensively reviewed research assessing differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes to examine the possibility that ADHD/ combined type (ADHD/C) and ADHD/predominantly inattentive type (ADHD/I) are distinct and unrelated disorders. Differences among subtypes were examined along dimensions identified as being important in documenting the distinctiveness of two disorders. These include essential and associated features, demographics, measures of cognitive and neuropsychological functioning, family history, treatment response, and prognosis. Important differences among subtypes were found in several areas of study, supporting the conclusion that ADHD/C and ADHD/I may best be characterized as distinct disorders. We identify major limitations of the available research and present future directions for research.The history of the classification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is rife with controversies. Early concerns were raised over whether ADHD and conduct disorders (CD) were distinct disorders or whether the classification of these disorders could be handled more parsimoniously by combining them into a broader, externalizing category. Although this controversy has been resolved in favor of distinct externalizing categories (Hinshaw, 1987), other diagnostic debates have come to the

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“…Since the publication of DSM-III in 1980, however, a total of 222 clinicreferred children who meet DSM-III criteria for ADD/WO have been described in research articles and presentations (Berry, Shaywitz, & Shaywitz, 1985;Carlson, Alvarez, & Needleman, 1989;Conte, Kinsbourne, Swanson, Zirk, & Samuels, 1986;Edelbrock, Costello, & Kessler, 1984;Famularo & Fenton, 1987;Frank & Ben-Nun, 1988;Hynd, Lorys, Semrud-Clikeman, Nieves, Huettner, & Lahey, in press;Hynd et al, 1988;Lahey, Schaughency, Hynd, Carlson, & Nieves, 1987;Maurer & Stewart, 1980;Saul & Ashby, 1986;Ullman & Sleator, 1985). Ninety-seven children considered to have ADD/WO according to experimental criteria based on DSM-III have also been identified in school-based samples (Barkley, DuPaul, & McMurray, in press, 1990;Carlson, Lahey, & Neeper, 1986;King & Young, 1982;Lahey, Schaughency, Strauss, & Frame, 1984;Sargeant & Scholten, 1985a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Diagnostic Category of Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity

1991

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The validity of the diagnostic category of Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity (ADD/WO) has been the subject of debate since it was first introduced in DSM-III. The differentiation of two syndromes of ADD is supported by factor analytic studies that indicate two dimensions of maladjustment: (1) inattention and disorganization, and (2) motor hyperactivity and impulsive responding. Cluster analyses of these two dimensions have yielded two profiles of deviance that correspond to the DSM-III subtypes. Furthermore, clinic-referred children who meet DSM-III criteria for ADD/WO have been shown to exhibit less serious conduct problems, are less impulsive, are more likely to be characterized as sluggish and drowsy, are less rejected by peers but more socially withdrawn, and are more likely to exhibit depressed mood and symptoms of anxiety disorder than children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADD/H).

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Toward a Clinical Subgrouping of Hyperactive and Nonhyperactive Attention Deficit Disorder

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD

Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD

ADHD Combined Type and ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type Are Distinct and Unrelated Disorders

Validity of the Diagnostic Category of Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity

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