Tourmaline in the central Swedish ore district

Hellingwerf, Rob H.; Gatedal, Kjell; Gallagher, Vincent; Baker, James H.

doi:10.1007/bf00191516

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Série Científica Beaty et al (1987), Hellingwerf et al (1994), Slack (1996) e Griffin et al (1996) reforçam a existência da correlação entre turmalina rica em Mg e depósitos de sulfetos, o que pode constituir um guia em trabalhos de exploração mineral. Griffin et al (1996) destacam que certos elementos traços presentes em turmalina (Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Ba, Sr e Ga) são também diagnósticos do tipo de depósito de sulfeto maciço.…”

Section: Geologia Uspunclassified

Turmalinitos vulcanogênicos da formação Morro da Pedra Preta do Grupo Serra do Itaberaba (SP): petrografia, composição química da turmalina e implicações metalogenéticas

Beljavskis

Garda

Mansueto

et al. 2005

Geol. USP, Sér. cient.

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Section: Geologia Uspunclassified

Turmalinitos vulcanogênicos da formação Morro da Pedra Preta do Grupo Serra do Itaberaba (SP): petrografia, composição química da turmalina e implicações metalogenéticas

Beljavskis

Garda

Mansueto

et al. 2005

Geol. USP, Sér. cient.

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“…The contents of Y+REE in tourmaline from granitic pegmatites are generally low (<30 ppm, Jolliff et al 1987;Hellingwerf et al 1994;Roda et al 1995;Kontak et al 2002); hence, the concentrations of Y+REE in tourmaline from the Kracovice pegmatite (up to 458 ppm) are among the highest reported to date. Only the unusual REE-enriched dravite from the granitic pegmatite at Forshammar (Sweden) attains higher contents (SREE = 100-1200 ppm; Bačík et al 2012).…”

Section: Compositional Evolution Of Tourmaline and Y+ree And Sc Varimentioning

confidence: 87%

Sc- and REE-rich tourmaline replaced by Sc-rich REE-bearing epidote-group mineral from the mixed (NYF+LCT) Kracovice pegmatite (Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic)

Čopjaková

Škoda

Galiová

et al. 2015

American Mineralogist

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Primary black thick-prismatic Al-rich schorl to rare fluor-schorl (TurP1), locally overgrown by brownish-green Li-rich fluor-schorl to fluor-elbaite (TurP2) from the Kracovice pegmatite (mixed NYF+LCT signature), was partly replaced by secondary Li-rich fluor-schorl to fluor-elbaite (TurS) plus the assemblage REE-bearing epidote-group mineral + chamosite. Primary Al-rich schorl (TurP1) shows high and variable contents of Sc (33-364 ppm) and Y+REE (40-458 ppm) with steep, LREEenriched REE pattern. Overgrowing (TurP2) and replacing (TurS) Li-rich fluor-schorl to fluor-elbaite is typically depleted in Sc (21-60 ppm) and Y+REE (3-47 ppm) with well-developed tetrad effect in the first (La-Nd) and the second (Sm-Gd) tetrads. Scandium-and REE-rich black tourmaline (TurP1) crystallized earlier from the melt, whereas crystallization of primary Li-rich fluor-schorl to fluor-elbaite (TurP2) most likely took place during late magmatic to early hydrothermal conditions. Both the secondary Li-rich fluor-schorl to fluor-elbaite (TurS) and the unusual assemblage of REE-bearing epidotegroup mineral + chamosite are likely coeval products of subsolidus reactions of the magmatic Al-rich schorl (TurP1) with evolved REE-poor, Li,F-rich, alkaline pegmatite-derived fluids. Well-crystalline REE-bearing epidote-group mineral (Y+REE = 0.42-0.60 apfu) confirmed by Raman spectroscopy has a steep, LREE-rich chondrite-normalized REE pattern with significant negative Eu anomaly and shows variable and high contents of Sc (≤3.3 wt% Sc 2 O 3 ) and Sn (≤1.0 wt% SnO 2 ). Substitution ScAl -1 and minor vacancy in the octahedral sites are suggested in the REE-bearing epidote-group mineral.

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“…Dravite from the Forshammar pegmatite is markedly enriched in the REE in comparison to all known tourmalines from granitic pegmatites (Neiva 1974, Jolliff et al 1987, Hellingwerf et al 1994, Roda et al 1995, Jiang et al 1997, Roda-Robles et al 2004, Ertl et al 2006. In particular, the rim zones attain up to ~1200 ppm SREE, ≤210 ppm La, ≤670 ppm Ce, ≤250 ppm Nd, ≤30 ppm Sm (Tables 5, 6).…”

Section: The Distribution Of the Ree And Other Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The REE concentration in tourmalines from granitic rocks also is generally low (usually <20 ppm La and Ce), with LREE > HREE and a negative Eu anomaly (Bea 1996, Jiang et al 1997, Pesquera et al 2005). Yet, it is noteworthy that a tourmaline from an unspecified pegmatite in the Riddarhyttan area, near Forshammar in central Bergslagen, also attains elevated REE contents, as measured by neutron-activation analysis (Hellingwerf et al 1994). Variable but commonly higher REE contents are characteristic of tourmaline in tourmalinites, gneisses, and metasediments, commonly spatially related to metamorphic, magmatic or hydrothermal ore deposits, where dominant La and Ce locally attain up to ~130 and 280 ppm, respectively (Hellingwerf et al 1994, Torres-Ruiz et al 2003, Pesquera et al 2005, Garda et al 2010, Klemme et al 2011.…”

Section: The Distribution Of the Ree And Other Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, it is noteworthy that a tourmaline from an unspecified pegmatite in the Riddarhyttan area, near Forshammar in central Bergslagen, also attains elevated REE contents, as measured by neutron-activation analysis (Hellingwerf et al 1994). Variable but commonly higher REE contents are characteristic of tourmaline in tourmalinites, gneisses, and metasediments, commonly spatially related to metamorphic, magmatic or hydrothermal ore deposits, where dominant La and Ce locally attain up to ~130 and 280 ppm, respectively (Hellingwerf et al 1994, Torres-Ruiz et al 2003, Pesquera et al 2005, Garda et al 2010, Klemme et al 2011. The tourmaline in tourmaline-quartz veins is usually very poor in REE (<20 ppm La, Ce; <50 ppm SREE; e.g., King et al 1988, Yavuz et al 1999, Jiang et al 1999, The analytical data, acquired with an electron microprobe, are first reported in wt.%, and then converted to atoms per formula unit on the basis of P + As + Si + Ti + Al = 1 apfu.…”

Section: The Distribution Of the Ree And Other Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoned Ree Enriched Dravite from a Granitic Pegmatite in Forshammar Bergslagen Province, Sweden an Empa Xrd and La-Icp-Ms Study

Bačík¹,

Uher²,

Ertl³

et al. 2012

The Canadian Mineralogist

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Green to grayish green tourmaline crystals (up to 10 cm across), with distinct optical zoning, occurs with quartz, blocky albite and muscovite in the Forshammar granitic pegmatite, central Bergslagen province, Sweden. Tourmaline contains inclusions of zircon and xenotime-(Y), and it is cut by veinlets of muscovite and hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce). Microanalytical and structural data (from the rim) indicate that the tourmaline can be classified as a dravite with moderate Al-Mg disorder at the Y and Z sites. Tourmaline displays chemical zoning that reflects the distribution of Fe, Mg, Al, Ca and Na. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) value is high; it decreases from core (~0.85) to intermediate zone (0.76-0.79), but increases in the rim and vein dravite (0.93). The core has the highest proportion of X-site vacancy and Al content, whereas the intermediate zone is the most enriched in Fe and Na. The rim is slightly depleted in Al and has the highest Na compared to inner zones. Tourmaline veins crosscut the pre-existing tourmaline and are relatively more enriched in Na and Ca. The main compositional variations are driven by Al X Mg-1 Na-1 and AlOMg-1 (OH)-1 substitutions. The Forshammar dravite shows the highest known concentrations of REE from pegmatite tourmaline, ≤1200 ppm REE, ≤210 ppm La, ≤670 ppm Ce; the chondrite-normalized patterns reveal high La N /Yb N (32 to 464) values and strongly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.005 to 0.05). The contents of Ti, Mn, Y and REE generally increase at the boundary of the intermediate zone and rim, whereas the contents of Zn, Ga and Sn decrease from the core to the rim. The core is likely a product of an early magmatic process during the late Svecofennian pegmatite formation (~1.8 Ga) as suggested by oscillatory zoning of trace elements. The intermediate zone, rim and tourmaline veins originated during the late magmatic to hydrothermal stage. Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) and muscovite are apparently the final products of the hydrothermal process.

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Tourmaline in the central Swedish ore district

Abstract: More than 40 recently discovered tourmaline

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Turmalinitos vulcanogênicos da formação Morro da Pedra Preta do Grupo Serra do Itaberaba (SP): petrografia, composição química da turmalina e implicações metalogenéticas

Turmalinitos vulcanogênicos da formação Morro da Pedra Preta do Grupo Serra do Itaberaba (SP): petrografia, composição química da turmalina e implicações metalogenéticas

Sc- and REE-rich tourmaline replaced by Sc-rich REE-bearing epidote-group mineral from the mixed (NYF+LCT) Kracovice pegmatite (Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic)

Zoned Ree Enriched Dravite from a Granitic Pegmatite in Forshammar Bergslagen Province, Sweden an Empa Xrd and La-Icp-Ms Study

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