Tourism that Empowers?

Ballesteros, Esteban Ruíz; Hernández-Ramírez, Macarena

doi:10.1177/0308275x09345426

Cited by 61 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The aim of this study was to identify the way agritourism development has empowered women in their roles in seven Andean communities. While agritourism is generally posited as an empowering opportunity for women [31,51], this study's findings indicate that this is not always the case. Women experienced different levels of empowerment across the four dimensions identified by Scheyvens [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities

et al. 2019

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Tourism has the potential to empower women, particularly in rural areas. However, little is known about whether it can have the same effect in Andean communities, mainly because the traditional social and cultural structures of those communities have limited women’s ability to empower themselves through traditional economic activities. Through interviews with residents participating in agritourism development in seven communities across the Cusco and Puno regions (Peru, South America), this study examined the role of agritourism development in the empowerment of women in those communities as well as the ways in which it has changed traditional gender roles. Study findings revealed that agritourism contributes to four areas of empowerment for women: psychological, social, political, and economic. However, the culture of the Andean communities still has considerable influence on gender dynamics and may prevent women from garnering all the benefits of tourism development. Agritourism development in those communities should incorporate gender-related cultural considerations to navigate and overcome barriers, thereby allowing the maximization of empowerment benefits for women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities

et al. 2019

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“…The development of alternatives to traditional tourism led to the use of different elements, including culture and nature; from which different forms of tourism such as community tourism or community-based tourism (CBT) are created, today both concepts are used interchangeably. In this sense, there are several researchers who propose CBT as a development model that allows maximizing the socioeconomic benefits of tourism and minimizing negative environmental impacts [35,36]. In the specific case of Andean Latin America, taking advantage of current social dynamics in communities increases this form of tourism.…”

Section: Community-based Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Tourism in Ecuador: Community Ventures of the Provincial and Cantonal Networks

et al. 2020

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The aim of this work is to identify community the initiatives anchored to community-based tourism (CBT) in Ecuador with the aim of providing an overview of the current reality of community tourism in the country, in addition to publicizing the product lines under development within community initiatives. The methodology used is a descriptive analysis based on the review of secondary sources, which reflect the reality of the different tourism initiatives related to the Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE) at the level of continental Ecuador. FEPTCE groups indigenous, Afro–Ecuadorian, Montubian and mestizo communities, who depend on their territory and have identified tourism as a mechanism to continue living with dignity within these territories, due to the option of economic diversification that is generated. Within the communities that belong to the FEPTCE, living with dignity implies achieving a good quality of life, which is not based on satisfying a series of basic needs, but implies going further, achieving the idea of “Good Living”, that is to say, reaching an appreciation of well-being, based on the conception of the full set of what culture is, in order to generate comprehensive sustainability of its spaces. Among the main results, the distribution and coverage that the FEPTCE has within continental Ecuador regarding community tourism is shown and analyzed. As a formal network of community-based tourism, it is made up of five networks at the regional level and nine at the provincial or cantonal level, which are analyzed in this study. The consolidation of the initiatives launched has been difficult with only 83 of the initial 121 being active and only 18 registered as community tourist centers. This case study shows that in Ecuador the network approach as the first step in the development of the CBT worked. Therefore, the development of the CBT must be approached from a network approach in which indigenous peoples (indigenous, mestizo, Afro-descendant, etc.) participate, administrations, the private sector, civil society, NGOs and tourist destinations, to which they must to join academic institutions by contributing solid data obtained through research that helps tourism development.

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“…However, others have documented the pitfalls in this regard, including adverse effects on indigenous communities [29], the unequal position of TK vis-à-vis scientific knowledge [30], and even, their incompatibility [31,32]. Another bone of scholarly contention consists of the question whether TK can and should be commodified, i.e., branded and marketed as a commercial product [33], a question often, although not necessarily, tied to the pharmaceutic industry or tourism [34]. In this regard, studies have identified the negative environmental impacts that the commodification of TK may entail [35,36], ethical dilemmas [37,38], and issues of power and representation [39].…”

Section: Commodified Traditional Knowledge and Credence Goodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Perceptions of the Commodification and Related Conservation of Traditional Indigenous Naxi Forest Products as Credence Goods (China)

Rokpelnis

Cheng

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Commodification of Traditional Knowledge (TK) has been posited as a possible, although contested, alternative for the conservation of indigenous resources. Here we examine the case of the Chinese Naxi minority, with particular reference to the practice of sacred “Dongba” papermaking. The commodification of TK is a complex process with many pitfalls and trade-offs between the environment, economy, and social empowerment. In the process of commodification, consumers have arisen as an important force in environmental politics. To date, little is known about the way domestic tourists, the main consumer base of indigenous products, perceive Dongba paper. In this context, we examined their knowledge of Naxi culture, their willingness to pay for sustainably produced paper, and their perceptions of the product’s authenticity. This socio-economic study is based on a survey (n = 415) in rural Southwest China. We found a significant potential to market Dongba paper as a sustainable indigenous product. Although knowledge about Naxi culture was circumscribed (3% could identify the plant used for papermaking), the majority of respondents (55%) was willing to pay for TK protection. Respondents also preferred third-party labelling. We posit that TK products could be seen as credence goods, necessitating certification to ensure product authenticity and establish consumer trust. Markedly, the survey also found that attitudes as to who should provide third-party assurance are contradictory. The Chinese government was preferred as the strongest assurance of genuineness, but paradoxically, commanded the least trust in its ability to manage and fund the conservation of TK.

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Tourism that Empowers?

Cited by 61 publications

References 29 publications

Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities

Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities

Community-Based Tourism in Ecuador: Community Ventures of the Provincial and Cantonal Networks

Consumer Perceptions of the Commodification and Related Conservation of Traditional Indigenous Naxi Forest Products as Credence Goods (China)

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