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This article characterized the territorial socio-ecological-economic system, reveals the essence and sources offuzzi-ness of socio-ecological-economic processes and objects in the service sector, as well as approaches to their evaluation. The aim of the study is to reveal the nature of socio-ecological-economic systems, the disclosure of the nature, dynamics, level of mobility, interaction algorithms, the state of uncertainty and fuzziness of socio-ecological-economic processes and facilities. To achieve this goal, authors used the method of uncertain sets and algorithms L Zadeh, based on the concept of the appurtenance function μ(χ), which characterizes the degree of dependence of element «x» with specific vague set. In this initial position is accepted that the task of decision making in situations of uncertainty (including assessment tasks) in principle cannot be reduced to a strictly mathematical tasks. For this it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the uncertainty by introducing certain hypotheses, for example, in the form of the appurtenance function of fuzzy set or uncertain relationship. In evaluation of the areas it means that this procedure may not have the character of fully formal logical algorithm, and should rely heavily on logic-meaningful approaches and techniques of analysis. In the analysis authors appeal to informal and semi-formal research apparatus, the base of which constituted the systematic and synergetic communicative techniques and methods of the theory of expert evaluations of fuzzy set theory and the theory of trade-offs that allowed to formulate the definition of social, ecological and economic systems, characterize approaches to evaluation of these systems within the theory of fuzzy sets and making trade-offs, determine the estimation algorithm noted systems.
This article characterized the territorial socio-ecological-economic system, reveals the essence and sources offuzzi-ness of socio-ecological-economic processes and objects in the service sector, as well as approaches to their evaluation. The aim of the study is to reveal the nature of socio-ecological-economic systems, the disclosure of the nature, dynamics, level of mobility, interaction algorithms, the state of uncertainty and fuzziness of socio-ecological-economic processes and facilities. To achieve this goal, authors used the method of uncertain sets and algorithms L Zadeh, based on the concept of the appurtenance function μ(χ), which characterizes the degree of dependence of element «x» with specific vague set. In this initial position is accepted that the task of decision making in situations of uncertainty (including assessment tasks) in principle cannot be reduced to a strictly mathematical tasks. For this it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the uncertainty by introducing certain hypotheses, for example, in the form of the appurtenance function of fuzzy set or uncertain relationship. In evaluation of the areas it means that this procedure may not have the character of fully formal logical algorithm, and should rely heavily on logic-meaningful approaches and techniques of analysis. In the analysis authors appeal to informal and semi-formal research apparatus, the base of which constituted the systematic and synergetic communicative techniques and methods of the theory of expert evaluations of fuzzy set theory and the theory of trade-offs that allowed to formulate the definition of social, ecological and economic systems, characterize approaches to evaluation of these systems within the theory of fuzzy sets and making trade-offs, determine the estimation algorithm noted systems.
The most important tasks of geography in the context of shaping the theoretical foundations of tourism include the need to substantiate the essence of an integral epistemological object (tourist system) and identify the mechanisms of its functioning. The presence of tourist processes is the main essence of the actual existence of the tourist system. The objectively inherent conditions for the implementation of any process are as follows: the presence of an object or phenomenon, that is, the actual substance that changes or is in the process; presence of time changes; the presence of spatial connections and their geospatial localization; the geospatial and temporal orientation of object changes. The tourist system is considered as a generalized object, that is, a substance that changes or is in the process, and in the context of geographic methodology it is conceptualised as a tourist-geographic system. The mechanism of the functioning of the tourist system should be understood, first of all, as connections and relations within the system that are formed under the influence of a set of factors and subordinate to the general goal of the system. In order to clarify the essence and peculiarities of the tourist process, we substantiate the hypothesis of isomorphism of transport, transport-geographic and tourist processes, the common defining feature of which is mutual relations. Connections mean material, energy and informational exchange between geographical objects. Primarily territorial connections, namely those connections that are carried out by overcoming space, are considered. The common features of the given definitions are: first, the presence of a transportation operation in the each of them, the essence of which is the spatial (territorial) movement of people; second, both transport and tourist processes are sub-processes of the general socio-geographical process, and therefore they cause changes both in the socio-geographical system in general and in the touristic-geographical system in particular. The definition of the tourist-geographical process is proposed as a set of actions and operations that make possible geospatial connections between the elements of the tourist-geographical system. The constituent parts of this process should be considered primarily the transportation and transfer of tourists from one type of transport to another, which have a clearly defined spatial and territorial character and constitute the essence of tourism (territorial movements, travel).
The relevance of this study lies the reassessment of the role that an information plays in the functioning and perception of tourism and recreational space. Tourism and recreational space perceive as global but it has a complex structure, represented in the form of territorial tourism and recreational systems. In a post-industrial society the importance of information for the development of tourism and recreational space is constantly increasing. Oftentimes tourists base on other tourist's information and reviews posted on the Internet, recorded in the form of digital footprints on specialized portals to make a decision to travel. The consumer perceives the tourism and recreational space of the region as a set of reviews and ratings the content of which may be different from the actual parameters of the space. These feedbacks last as a basis for the expectations and impressions formation. The purpose of this study is a component and geographical analysis of the perception of the tourism and recreational space of the Perm region using the method of text analysis of big data. The textual analysis of 5,668 reviews that have posted on the Tripadvisor website was carried out on the PolyAnalyst platform and included the calculation of the sentiment index, the extraction of keywords and the determination of the relationship of terms to define the key attributes of the tourist and recreational space perception. The component analysis of the Perm region's tourism and recreational space perception showed the uneven perception of its individual components and made it possible to identify the most topical problem areas. The assessment of the perception of tourist and recreational space by consumers from different places of residence, as well as the assessment of the territorial features of the perception of individual cities of the Perm region, was carried out using geographical analysis. Additionally, the sentiment index change from 2014 to 2021 was assessed. An analysis of this change made it possible to identify the incipient negative trends at the deterioration of the region's tourism and recreational space perception. The results of the study will be useful for the development of strategic documents on territorial planning and tourism management, improvement of regional tourism products and the image of the region.
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