Toughness Improvement in Bio-based Poly(Lactic Acid)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend Reinforced with Nanosized Silica

Boonmahitthisud, Anyaporn; Mongkolvai, A.; Chuayjuljit, Saowaroj

doi:10.1007/s10924-021-02063-z

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In addition to their cost-effectiveness and interest for the circularity of the pneumatic industry, the use of wastes rubber as substitute of fresh rubber may find interest from an industrial point of view due to their promising mechanical performances. PLA had been blended with fresh rubber, such as synthetic isoprene rubber (IR) [ 71 ], nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) [ 72 , 73 ], natural rubber (NR) [ 48 , 74 ] and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) [ 75 , 76 ]. As compared to these composites, our PLA/GTR c 15% is found to show a maintain of the PLA elastic modulus while, at similar rubber content, PLA/NR blends show a decrease of more than 40% [ 48 , 74 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ground Tire Rubber Blends Using Peroxide Vulcanization

et al. 2021

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Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) blends using Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent were prepared with the following aims: propose a new route to recycle wastes rubber from the automotive industry and improve the toughness and impact strength of the inherently brittle bio-based PLA. The GTR were subjected to two types of grinding process (cryo- and dry ambient grinding). Swelling measurements revealed the grinding to be associated with a mechanical damage of the rubber chains, independently on the type of grinding or on the GTR size (from <400 µm to <63 µm). Moreover, the finest GTR contains the largest amount of reinforcing elements (carbon black, clay) that can be advantageously used in PLA/GTR blends. Indeed, the use of the finest cryo-grinded GTR in the presence of DCP showed the least decrease of the tensile strength (−30%); maintenance of the tensile modulus and the largest improvement of the strain at break (+80%), energy at break (+60%) and impact strength (+90%) as compared to the neat PLA. The results were attributed to the good dispersion of both fine GTR and clay particles into the PLA matrix. Moreover, a possible re-crosslinking of the GTR particles and/or co-crosslinking at PLA/GTR interface in presence of DCP is expected to contribute to such improved ductility and impact strength.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ground Tire Rubber Blends Using Peroxide Vulcanization

et al. 2021

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“…Nowadays, in order to expand the use of NR/PLA bio‐based materials, more research aims to enhance the NR/PLA mechanical properties by adding different reinforcing agents, such as nano‐silica (SiO 2 ) which is used as a toughening agent or compatibilizer to enhance the PLA/NR system by physical mixing. Boonmahitthisud et al [ 27 ] have successfully fabricated PLA/NR/SiO 2 composites with significantly improved notched impact strength of 32.7 kJ/m 2 , approximately a 1.8‐fold increase. Unfortunately, the tensile strength suffered a nearly 35% loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐based polylactic acid or epoxy natural rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates with dual interfacial compatibilization networks

Liu

2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The bio-based thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was prepared by the dynamic vulcanization method induced by dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and a novel filler, bis(aminopropyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-NH 2 ), was added as the compatibilizer. The dynamic vulcanization reaction occurred first, and the PLA-g-ENR graft copolymer was formed at the interface of PLA and ENR.With the addition of appropriate amount of PDMS-NH 2 , the cross-linking of ENR was enhanced, and the size of PLA became smaller and more evenly dispersed. The prepared TPVs were found to have dual interfacial compatibilization networks. Mechanical characterization of this polymeric material containing a special structure is performed. TPV achieved the tensile strength at break of 12.8 MPa and elongation at break of 103%, revealing 103% and 329% higher than 6.3 MPa and 24% for the simple blend of ENR/PLA. Meanwhile, the elastic modulus of TPV increased to 352 MPa, which was 1.96 times that of the simple blend. As a result, ENR/PLA composites with high toughness and mechanical strength are achieved and the toughening mechanism and toughening factors were discussed.

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“…ENR is a derivative of natural rubber which has two reactive sites that are unsaturated isoprene and epoxidized isoprene units. Biocomposites with good biodegradable properties can be derived from further modification of ENR [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Spent Coffee/ENR50 Biocomposite in Comparison to Carbon Black

et al. 2021

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This study investigates the impact of spent coffee biochar (Biochar) compared to carbon black (CB) as a partial replacement for carbon black in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Particle size and elemental analysis were used to characterize the biochar and CB. Cure characteristics, tensile, thermal, and morphological properties on the effect of biochar and CB as filler were studied. It was found that incorporating 10 phr of spent coffee biochar could improve the composites’ tensile properties and thermal performance compared to carbon black. However, the addition of biochar significantly affects the maximum torque compared to CB and delays the vulcanization time. SEM study shows that biochar has a strong effect on the morphology of composite films. The FTIR graph reveals no substantial difference between compounds with biochar and CB. According to the thermal calorimetric study, the thermal stability of ENR-Biochar is higher than that of ENR-CB. Additionally, these findings suggest that the utilization of spent coffee as a sustainable biochar could be further explored, but little has been done in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR).

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Toughness Improvement in Bio-based Poly(Lactic Acid)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend Reinforced with Nanosized Silica

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ground Tire Rubber Blends Using Peroxide Vulcanization

Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ground Tire Rubber Blends Using Peroxide Vulcanization

Bio‐based polylactic acid or epoxy natural rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates with dual interfacial compatibilization networks

Preparation and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Spent Coffee/ENR50 Biocomposite in Comparison to Carbon Black

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