Tough, transparent, biocompatible and stretchable thermoplastic copolymer with high stability and processability for soft electronics

Ghosh, Gargi; Meeseepong, Montri; Bag, Atanu; Hanif, Adeela; Chinnamani, Mottour Vinayagam; Beigtan, Mohadese; Kim, Yunseok; Lee, Nae‐Eung

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2022.05.019

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To estimate water vapor diffusion across the substrate, we evaluated the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the PGS: PVA (0.4 mL) NFR-WPU substrate with a thickness of ≈80 µm at 37.8 °C under 100% permeant relative humidity (RH) using a moisture permeability tester. The substrate shows a transmission rate of 128.2 g m −2 d −1 , which is almost comparable to the WVTR of PDMS (185.53 g m −2 d −1 ) as reported in our previous work under the same condition [28] (Figure S10, Supporting Information). This high rate of moisture permeability through the substrate is mainly attributed to the low barrier properties of the nanofiber composite (PGS:PVA), thus further proving its candidacy as a potential candidate for wearable transient electronics.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…[ 22,23 ] These wearable devices can be worn comfortably on human skin (3–55% in elongation) without causing user discomfort, delamination, and device failure. [ 1,24–28 ] Most of the advances made in the field of wearable soft electronics have been achieved on substrates based on synthetic polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyurethanes (PU) or styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS). [ 29–33 ] The prevalence of these synthetic polymers in wearable soft electronics can bring tremendous benefits to daily life due to their structural integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tough, Bio‐disintegrable and Stretchable Substrate Reinforced with Nanofibers for Transient Wearable Electronics

Ghosh

Bag

Hanif

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research on transient wearable electronics with stretchable components is of increasing interest because of their abilities to conform seamlessly to human tissues and, more interestingly, disappear from the environment when disposed. To wear them comfortably, their component materials must be pliable, tough, stretchable, biocompatible, and disintegrable. However, most biodegradable materials are not stretchable or tough, limiting their use in transient wearable electronics. Herein, these challenges are addressed by demonstrating a biodegradable nanofiber (NF)‐reinforced water‐borne polyurethane (NFR‐WPU) with stretchability, toughness, and partial biodegradability by embedding biodegradable composite NFs of poly(glycerol sebacate): poly(vinyl alcohol) (PGS:PVA) into the WPU matrix, thus rendering its properties tunable. An optimal loading amount of NFs into the NFR‐WPU significantly enhanced the toughness by 19 times while maintaining the Young's modulus as low as 3.3 MPa. Furthermore, the NFR‐WPU substrate has very high fracture toughness and shows excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, the NFR‐WPU has a disintegration rate nine times greater than that of pristine WPU. Finally, disintegrable and stretchable triboelectric and capacitive touch sensors on the NFR‐WPU are fabricated and demonstrated for potential use in transient wearable electronics.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, Bio‐disintegrable and Stretchable Substrate Reinforced with Nanofibers for Transient Wearable Electronics

Ghosh

Bag

Hanif

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The elongation at break values for different compounds is shown in Figure 6 e. From this figure, it can be seen that elongation at break values decreased with the increase of ZnO content in the binary activator systems. Fracture toughness is an important mechanical property that is necessarily useful for stretchable electronic applications [ 52 , 53 ]. Regarding the toughness value, MgO-only and binary activator systems provide better toughness values compared to ZnO-only as a cure activator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Rubber Compounds Using ZnO and MgO as Co-Cure Activators

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zinc oxide performs as the best cure activator in sulfur-based vulcanization of rubber, but it is regarded as a highly toxic material for aquatic organisms. Hence, the toxic cure activator should be replaced by a non-toxic one. Still, there is no suitable alternative industrially. However, binary activators combining ZnO and another metal oxide such as MgO can largely reduce the level of ZnO with some improved benefits in the vulcanization of rubber as investigated in this research. Curing, mechanical, and thermal characteristics were investigated to find out the suitability of MgO in the vulcanization of rubber. Curing studies reveal that significant reductions in the optimum curing times are found by using MgO as a co-cure activator. Especially, the rate of vulcanization with conventional 5 phr (per hundred grams) ZnO can be enhanced by more than double, going from 0.3 Nm/min to 0.85 Nm/min by the use of a 3:2 ratio of MgO to ZnO cure activator system that should have high industrial importance. Mechanical and thermal properties investigations suggest that MgO as a co-cure activator used at 60% can provide 7.5% higher M100 (modulus at 100% strain) (0.58 MPa from 0.54 MPa), 20% higher tensile strength (23.7 MPa from 19.5 MPa), 15% higher elongation at break (1455% from 1270%), 68% higher fracture toughness (126 MJ/m3 from 75 MJ/m3), and comparable thermal stability than conventionally using 100 % ZnO. Especially, MgO as a co-cure activator could be very useful for improving the fracture toughness in rubber compounds compared to ZnO as a single-site curing activator. The significant improvements in the curing and mechanical properties suggest that MgO and ZnO undergo chemical interactions during vulcanization. Such rubber compounds can be useful in advanced tough and stretchable applications.

show abstract

“…Recently, sophisticated microelectronics, optoelectronics, and flexible display applications have been rapidly accelerating the development of high‐performance PIs with specified practical properties, such as good solubility and high transparency 9–13 . There are effective methods aiming at improving the transparency and solubility of PIs, mainly including copolymerization, 14 and introduction of nonaromatic structure, 15–17 cardo structure, 18–20 flexible structure such as ether linkage and siloxane segments, 21 and pendent groups such as bulky alkyl, 22,23 and nonpolarized fluoroalkyl, 24,25 and so forth. These methods aim to depress the polymer chain packing, disrupt the conjugation structure of the polymer backbone to reduce the formation of CTC, thereby increasing the solubility and the optical transmittance of the PIs 26–28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…methods aiming at improving the transparency and solubility of PIs, mainly including copolymerization, 14 and introduction of nonaromatic structure, [15][16][17] cardo structure, [18][19][20] flexible structure such as ether linkage and siloxane segments, 21 and pendent groups such as bulky alkyl, 22,23 and nonpolarized fluoroalkyl, 24,25 and so forth. These methods aim to depress the polymer chain packing, disrupt the conjugation structure of the polymer backbone to reduce the formation of CTC, thereby increasing the solubility and the optical transmittance of the PIs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative synergistic effects of multiple functional groups in amide‐containing polyimides with pyridine ring and pendent tert‐butyl

Cao

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, pyridine ring and pendent tert‐butyl were introduced into the diamine NTPA in view of improving the processability and transparency of the PIs via inhibiting charge‐transfer complexes (CTCs). Meanwhile, the amide linkage was simultaneously introduced in order to boost the thermal and mechanical properties of the PIs by reasonably increasing the polymer stiffness via noncovalent amide H‐bonding. The dianhydride BPADA was employed in the copolymerization with the diamine comonomers of NTPA with ODA in different ratios. Due to the presence of tert‐butyl and pyridine ring, the synthesized co‐PIs showed good optical properties with T500 higher than 75% for all co‐PIs, reaching 83% for homopolymer BPADA‐NTPA, higher solubility in organic solvents, and better hydrophobicity with maximum hydrostatic contact angle as high as 91.9°. Meanwhile, the amide H‐bonding increased the mechanical properties of co‐PIs with the maximum tensile strength reaching 127 MPa. Furthermore, amide H‐bonding exceedingly offset the reducing effects of pendent bulky butyl groups on the thermal properties of PIs, and the Tg of the co‐PIs containing NTPA moiety ranged in 244–298°C, remarkably higher than 218°C for homopolymer BPADA‐ODA. This work proved cooperative synergistic effects of multiple functional groups in balancing the general properties of co‐PIs.

show abstract

Tough, transparent, biocompatible and stretchable thermoplastic copolymer with high stability and processability for soft electronics

Cited by 30 publications

References 91 publications

Tough, Bio‐disintegrable and Stretchable Substrate Reinforced with Nanofibers for Transient Wearable Electronics

Tough, Bio‐disintegrable and Stretchable Substrate Reinforced with Nanofibers for Transient Wearable Electronics

Advances in Rubber Compounds Using ZnO and MgO as Co-Cure Activators

Cooperative synergistic effects of multiple functional groups in amide‐containing polyimides with pyridine ring and pendent tert‐butyl

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About