Totipotent nutritive cells and indeterminate growth in galls of Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda) on reproductive apices of Miconia

Ferreira, Bruno García; Avritzer, Sofia C.; Isaías, Rosy Mary dos Santos

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2016.12.008

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Outer tissue compartments constitute a common storage tissue (CST) with starch accumulation in galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae) on leaves and reproductive meristems of Miconia spp. (Ferreira et al ,). The accumulation of phenolics as a mechanism for light and antioxidant protection was reported (Ferreira et al ), and it is probably related to the accumulation of IAA in the hypertrophic sites of these galls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The galls induced by D. gallaeformans have unique features among nematode‐induced galls. First, they are induced in shoots, and distinct from other shoot nematode galls, they have an inner tissue compartment formed by promeristematic typical nutritive tissue (TNT; Ferreira et al ,). TNT commonly found in insect and mite galls are constituted of cells with granulose and dense cytoplasm, prominent nucleus and storage of proteins, reducing sugars or lipids (Oliveira et al ; Ferreira & Isaias ; Ferreira et al , , ; Isaias et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TNT commonly found in insect and mite galls are constituted of cells with granulose and dense cytoplasm, prominent nucleus and storage of proteins, reducing sugars or lipids (Oliveira et al ; Ferreira & Isaias ; Ferreira et al , , ; Isaias et al ). Even though nematode galls have striking cytological peculiarities in their nutritive cells, the TNT generally have nutritionally enriched and metabolically active cells, and occur both in galls induced in roots (Dropkin ; Meyer ; Wyss ; Favery et al ; Palomares‐Rius et al ; Ferreira et al ) and in shoots (Goodey , ; Dropkin ; Watson & Shorthouse ; Skinner et al ; Palomares‐Rius et al ; Ferreira et al ,, ). The promeristematic cells of the TNT in D. gallaeformans galls are unique in their capacity for continuous production of young emergences (YE) towards the gall chamber, increasing the feeding surface for the nematode colony ( i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The promeristematic cells of the TNT in D. gallaeformans galls are unique in their capacity for continuous production of young emergences (YE) towards the gall chamber, increasing the feeding surface for the nematode colony ( i.e. the group of nematodes inhabiting the gall chamber), providing indeterminate growth and a longer life cycle to these galls (Ferreira et al ). Strong histochemical reactions to Fehling’s reagent in the cells of TNT and YE of D. gallaeformans galls demonstrate intense accumulation of reducing sugars (Ferreira et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other peculiarities of D. gallaeformans concern their mode of inducing galls. The juvenile nematodes actively migrate from the soil or from other shoots to the meristematic sites, where they induce alterations by feeding on the surface of the protoderm (Ferreira et al ). Other shoot galling nematodes usually penetrate plant tissues, and therefore begin to induce cytohistological alterations (Krusberg ; Dropkin ; Meyer ; Wyss ; Palomares‐Rius et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzyme‐mediated metabolism in nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae)

et al. 2019

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The galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda) on leaves of Miconia albicans have unique features when compared to other galls. The nematode colonies are surrounded by nutritive tissues with promeristematic cells, capable of originating new emergences facing the larval chamber, and providing indeterminate growth to these galls. Considering enzyme activity as essential for the translocation of energetic molecules from the common storage tissue (CST) to the typical nutritive tissue (TNT), and the major occurrence of carbohydrates in nematode galls, it was expected that hormones would mediate sink strength relationships by activating enzymes in indeterminate growth regions of the galls.• Histochemical, immunocytochemical and quantitative analyses were made in order to demonstrate sites of enzyme activity and hormones, and comparative levels of total soluble sugars, water soluble polysaccharides and starch.• The source-sink status, via carbohydrate metabolism, is controlled by the major accumulation of cytokinins in totipotent nutritive cells and new emergences. Thus, reducing sugars, such as glucose and fructose, accumulate in the TNT, where they supply the energy for successive cycles of cell division and for nematode feeding. The histochemical detection of phosphorylase and invertase activities indicates the occurrence of starch catabolism and sucrose transformation into reducing sugars, respectively, in the establishment of a gradient from the CST towards the TNT. Reducing sugars in the TNT are important for the production of new cell walls during the indeterminate growth of the galls, which have increased levels of water-soluble polysaccharides that corroborate such a hypothesis.• Functional relationship between plant hormone accumulation, carbohydrate metabolism and cell differentiation in D. gallaeformans-induced galls is attested, providing new insights on cell development and plant metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Enzyme‐mediated metabolism in nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae)

et al. 2019

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Complex meristematic activity induced by Eucecidoses minutanus on Schinus engleri turns shoots into galls

Ferreira

Moreira

Carneiro

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Gall‐inducing organisms change the development of their host plant organs, resulting in ontogenetic patterns not observed in the non‐galled plants. Distinct taxa induce galls on Schinus spp., manipulating meristematic patterns in the host plant in distinct ways. Here we report ontogenetic novelties induced in the lateral buds of S. engleri by Eucecidoses minutanus, a Cecidosidae, whose galls have been poorly understood. Methods The anatomy, histochemistry, and histometry of galls in distinct phases of development, non‐galled buds, and stems of Schinus engleri were analyzed in parallel with the instars of E. minutanus to detail the morphogenetic changes in the host with each larval stage. Results Ontogenetic phases of the galls were intricately associated with larval development. First and second‐instar larvae induced pericycle and pith cells to dedifferentiate into the gall inner meristem, where hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy characterized the growth and development phase of the gall. The innermost layers were lipid‐rich nutritive cells that lined the larval chamber. Additional vascular bundle rows were produced in young galls. Third and fourth instar‐larvae were associated with the gall maturation phase: centripetal lignification of the outer parenchyma cell layers, epidermal stratification, and activation of a cambium‐like meristem (CLM). The CLM activity resulted in new layers of nutritive cells that differentiated inward as the first layers of nutritive cells were consumed by E. minutanus larvae, and, also, in more parenchyma cell layers that formed outward. All tissues between the innermost layer of nutritive tissue that surround the gall chamber and the outermost layer of the dermal system that externally covers the gall form the gall wall, and increased in thickness until the end of gall maturation. Conclusions E. minutanus induces a structurally complex globoid stem gall, modifying all host plant tissues and stimulating a novel meristematic pattern in S. engleri. The gall developmental stages are each related to specific gall‐inducing instars, as gall development progresses according to the development of E. minutanus.

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How Galling Organisms Manipulate the Secondary Metabolites in the Host Plant Tissues?: A Histochemical Overview in Neotropical Gall Systems

Kuster

Rezende

Cardoso

et al. 2018

Bioactive Molecules in Food

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Totipotent nutritive cells and indeterminate growth in galls of Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda) on reproductive apices of Miconia

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Enzyme‐mediated metabolism in nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae)

Enzyme‐mediated metabolism in nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae)

Complex meristematic activity induced by Eucecidoses minutanus on Schinus engleri turns shoots into galls

How Galling Organisms Manipulate the Secondary Metabolites in the Host Plant Tissues?: A Histochemical Overview in Neotropical Gall Systems

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