Total salivary nitrates and nitrites in oral health and periodontal disease

Sánchez, G.; Miozza, Valeria; Delgado, Alejandra; Busch, Lucila

doi:10.1016/j.niox.2013.10.012

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Yet, individual bacteria do not act in a vacuum, but rather function in interdependent microbial communities whose conglomerate activity can impact oral and systemic health[183,188,189]. Indeed, even the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is affected by microbial diversity[190] and oral pathology[191–193]. It is within this context of regional, community function that the importance of oral bacterial nitrate reduction to nitrite, NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides must be viewed.…”

Section: The Oral Microbiome and Bacterial Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, nitrite and nitrate are important protective elements of the oral and mucosal immune response, especially in settings of stress and periodontal injury[86,193,231]. Nitrite can exert pH-dependent antimicrobial effects[204,232,233] via formation of reactive secondary nitrogen oxides that can disrupt aerobic respiration[234], inhibit bacterial acid production, and disrupt biofilm formation[235–237].…”

Section: The Oral Microbiome and Bacterial Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mouth, regions of high oxygen concentration (20–114mmHg, ~3–15%) are generally expected to be in whole saliva, on the tooth surface, and in dental plaque[266]. Conversely, areas that have high nitrate reductase activity such as the dorsum of the tongue, gingival plaque and periodontal pockets demonstrate low relative oxygen concentrations (8–13 mmHg, ~1–2%)[81,193,201,266]. In the gut, two broad oxygen gradients must be considered as well.…”

Section: The Oral Microbiome and Bacterial Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristically, disease is accompanied by the transition from symbiotic, facultative microbiota to overgrowth of dysbiotic, anaerobic bacteria together known as the ‘red complex' that reside in the relatively hypoxic subgingival crypts and pockets of the gums[182]. A long-described, yet puzzling and hitherto unproven, association between periodontal disease and CVD[280–282] has been variably attributed to direct vascular entry of these largely nitrate-reducing oral pathogens[283–286], generalized immune activation, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, all processes that are improved with periodontal treatment (typically bactericidal chlorhexidine rinses with or without quadrant scaling)[193,287–290]. Interestingly, both salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations and gingival expression of NO-forming NOS have been found to be increased in periodontal disease, which also tend to increase with disease severity and improve with periodontal treatment[99,193,291,292].…”

Section: Dysbiosis Of the Microbiome In Pulmonary Hypertension And Vascmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health

Koch

Gladwin

Freeman

et al. 2017

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

139

127

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Recent insights into the bioactivation and signaling actions of inorganic, dietary nitrate and nitrite now suggest a critical role for the microbiome in the development of cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. Once thought to be the inert, end-products of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) heme-oxidation, nitrate and nitrite are now considered major sources of exogenous NO that exhibit enhanced vasoactive signaling activity under conditions of hypoxia and stress. The bioavailability of nitrate and nitrite depend on the enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a unique set of bacterial nitrate reductase enzymes possessed by specific bacterial populations in the mammalian mouth and gut. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), obesity, hypertension and CVD are linked to defects in NO signaling, suggesting a role for commensal oral bacteria to shape the development of PH through the formation of nitrite, NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate or nitrate-containing foods exert pleiotropic, beneficial vascular effects in the setting of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and in pre-clinical models of PH, while traditional high-nitrate dietary patterns are associated with beneficial outcomes in hypertension, obesity and CVD. These observations highlight the potential of the microbiome in the development of novel nitrate- and nitrite-based therapeutics for PH, CVD and their risk factors.

show abstract

Section: The Oral Microbiome and Bacterial Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Oral Microbiome and Bacterial Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Oral Microbiome and Bacterial Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dysbiosis Of the Microbiome In Pulmonary Hypertension And Vascmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health

Koch

Gladwin

Freeman

et al. 2017

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

139

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whereas some authors have found higher nitrite + nitrate (NOx) concentration in unstimulated and stimulated saliva of PD subjects [10,11], other authors have detected lower NOx concentration in saliva of PD subjects [12,13]. Moreover, PD patients have been described to display increased plasma NOx concentration [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary, blood and plasma nitrite concentrations in periodontal patients and healthy individuals before and after periodontal treatment

Meschiari

Zuardi

Gomes

et al. 2015

Clinica Chimica Acta

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Recent applications of paper‐based point‐of‐care devices for biomarker detection

Suntornsuk

2019

Electrophoresis

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Detection of biomarkers is essential for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases for healthcare teams to provide timely appropriate treatments. Reliable, inexpensive, and sensitive devices are desirable to serve this purpose. Paper‐based analytical devices (PADs) have gained enormous attention during the past decade as point‐of‐care devices for biomarker detection due to their simplicity, portability, and biocompatibility. Importantly, the devices highly comply with the WHO “ASSURED” concept (i.e. Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User‐friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment free, and Deliverable to end‐users). Thus, PADs could be sustainably alternative tools for biomarker detection, especially in resources‐constraint areas where budget, skillful operators, and health infrastructure are limited. First, this review introduces overviews of biomarkers, their detection and brief history of PADs. Second, description of common fabrication and detection techniques in PADs are provided. Then, it highlights recent state of the art technologies and applications of PADs for various biomarker detection published during 2018 to May 2019. Applications for tumor marker, cardiac and coronary heath disease, and metabolic disorder biomarker detection are tabulated and selected examples are described in details. Finally, it discusses the current challenges, advances, and novel applications of PADs. The review would be valuable for healthcare workers using PADs as cost‐effective point‐of‐care devices for biomarker detection and for researchers working on future developments of the devices.

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Total salivary nitrates and nitrites in oral health and periodontal disease

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health

Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health

Salivary, blood and plasma nitrite concentrations in periodontal patients and healthy individuals before and after periodontal treatment

Recent applications of paper‐based point‐of‐care devices for biomarker detection

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