Total Parenteral Nutrition Alters Molecular and Cellular Indices of Intestinal Inflammation in Neonatal Piglets

Ganessunker, Deshanie; Gaskins, H. Rex; Zuckermann, Federico A.; Donovan, Sharon M.

doi:10.1177/0148607199023006337

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…IELs are the first immune cells to be exposed to foreign antigens and have the potential to be critical in host defense. A previous experiment in neonatal piglets demonstrated increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the lamina propria as well as increased GCs, implying that inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of TPNassociated mucosal changes (19). In addition, Li et al (34) found that lymphocytes play an important role in the regulation of mucosal immunity in a mouse model.…”

Section: Intestinal Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…TPN not only reduces the population of enterocytes but also has been associated with expansion of mucosal goblet cells (GCs) and some lymphocyte subtypes (11,30). Furthermore, newborn (11,19) and adult (17) animal studies indicate that TPN-induced activation of lymphocytes may induce mucosal inflammation on the basis of increased ICAM-1 expression and myeloperoxidase activity. Studies in TPN-fed mice demonstrated that increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine INF-␥ in activated intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is linked to increased apoptosis and may contribute to the breakdown of epithelial barrier integrity (26,63).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Total parenteral nutrition adversely affects gut barrier function in neonatal piglets

Kansagra¹,

Stoll²,

Rognerud³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sepsis is the most common morbidity in preterm infants, who often receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We hypothesized that gut barrier function is compromised in TPN-fed compared with enterally fed newborn piglets (ENT pigs). Colostrum-deprived newborn pigs were implanted with jugular venous and bladder catheters under general anesthesia. Pigs were either administered TPN (n ϭ 15) or fed formula (ENT pigs, n ϭ 15). After 6 days, pigs were gavaged a solution of mannitol, lactulose, and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and urine was collected for 24 h. At 7 days, small bowel samples were assayed for myeloperoxidase activity, morphometry, and tight junction protein abundance. Intestinal contents and peripheral organ sites were cultured for bacteria. Urinary recovery (%dose) of mannitol (53 vs. 68) was lower, whereas that of lactulose (2.93 vs. 0.18) and PEG 4000 (12.78 vs. 0.96) were higher in TPN vs. ENT pigs, respectively (P Ͻ 0.05). Incidence of translocation was similar in TPN and ENT pigs. Myeloperoxidase activity was increased in TPN vs. ENT pigs in the jejunum (P Ͻ 0.001) and was weakly correlated with lactulose (R 2 ϭ 0.32) and PEG 4000 (R 2 ϭ 0.38) recovery. Goblet cell counts did not change, but intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers decreased with TPN. Only claudin-1 protein abundance was increased in the TPN group. We conclude that TPN is associated with impairment of neonatal gut barrier function as measured by permeability but not translocation.

show abstract

Section: Intestinal Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Total parenteral nutrition adversely affects gut barrier function in neonatal piglets

Kansagra¹,

Stoll²,

Rognerud³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Immune responses to harmless dietary components must be regulated to prevent tissue damage and impaired absorption of macromolecules, and systemic tolerance to fed proteins ("oral tolerance") has been demonstrated in the pig [3,40]. Depending on the food composition and on the presence of oral food components the morphology of both the intestinal mucosa and the intestinal immune cells changes [15,30,36,37]. Thus, the immunological structures associated with gastrointestinal tract have evolved to generate different types of response to pathogens and to harmless environmental antigens.…”

Section: Gut Function and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal development of intestinal immune system in piglets: implications for the process of weaning

Stokes¹,

Bailey²,

Haverson³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-European-wide directives are in place to establish a sustainable production of pigs without using production enhancers and chemotherapeutics. Thus, an economically-viable pig production is now only possible when the physiological mechanisms of defense against pathogens and tolerance against nutrients and commensal bacteria in the intestinal immune system are taken into account. During the postnatal period the piglet is facing first the time large amounts of new antigens and at weaning a second wave of nutritional antigens is entering the intestinal tract. The appropriate development of humoral and cellular functions of the intestinal immune system is essential for optimum growth and performance of the piglets. The integrity of the intestinal surfaces is a prerequisite of intestinal immunity and tolerance. Secretory IgA serves to exclude harmful antigens from uptake. The induction of intestinal immune reactions starts with antigen presentation by professional antigen presenting cells of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, the intestinal lamina propria serves as a mucosal compartment for regulation of immune responses. Here especially T regulatory cells (CD4 + CD25 + ) have their function for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The network of mucosal T and B cells develops after birth in a programmed sequence; it is almost completed at week 7 after birth. Weaning is associated with changes in the regulation of the lymphoid cells in the mucosa. In small and large intestine increases in pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed after weaning in lymphocytes. Epithelial cells were studied both in intestinal samples and in vitro. Here the cytokine patterns provide evidence that weaning is inducing a transient inflammation of the mucosa. Piglets weaned under conventional conditions have a thicker mucosa than pigs weaned from isolators. Cells of isolator-reared pigs show slightly higher levels of activation markers -probably * Corresponding author: hermann-josef.rothkoetter@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de 326 C.R. Stokes et al.reflecting the interaction of the foreign protein derived from bovine milk. The results presented in this overview demonstrate that further effort is necessary to elucidate the function of the porcine intestinal immune system in the postnatal period and at the time of weaning to provide criteria for porcine intestinal health.inflammation / intestinal immunity / mucosa / nutrition / pig / postnatal / weaning Résumé -Développement postnatal de l'immunité intestinale chez le porcelet : implications pour le processus de sevrage. Des directives européennes ont été adoptées, en vue de mettre en place une production durable de porcs sans facteurs de croissance ni antibiotiques. Dans ce contexte, un élevage porcin ne sera économiquement viable que si sont pris en compte les mécanismes physiologiques de défense contre les agents pathogènes, et de tolérance vis-à-vis des aliments et des bactéries commensales, mécanismes engageant le système immunitaire intestinal des animaux. ...

show abstract

“…Walsh et al (2012) also observed a slight effect of BT corn on the number of goblet cells in the small intestine. A twofold increase in goblet cells numbers in the small intestine of pigs as a result of total parenteral nutrition was correlated with a change in gut microbiota, reduced integrity of the mucosal barrier and increased inflammation of piglets (Ganessunker et al, 1999;Mair et al, 2010). Intestinal inflammation is accompanied by deepening of the intestinal crypts, shortening or even disappearance of the Control = non-transgenic near-isoline corn; BT-799 = transgenic corn produced by the insertion of the mCry1Ac gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis strain; CC-2 = transgenic corn produced by the insertion of the maroACC gene derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain; reference = corn from commercially available non-transgenic varieties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of feeding transgenic corn with mCry1Ac or maroACC gene to laying hens for 12 weeks on growth, egg quality and organ health

Zhong

Chen

Gao

et al. 2016

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding two transgenic corn lines containing the mCry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis strain (BT-799) and the maroACC gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (CC-2), respectively, on growth, egg quality and organ health indicators. Expression of the mCry1Ac gene confers resistance to Pyrausta nubilalis and the maroACC gene confers tolerance to herbicides. Healthy hens (n = 96 placed in cages; 3 hens/cage) were randomly assigned to one of four corn-soybean meal dietary treatments (8 cages/treatment) formulated with the following corn: non-transgenic near-isoline control corn (control), BT-799 corn, CC-2 corn and commercially available non-transgenic reference corn (reference). The experiment was divided into three 4-week phases (week 1 to 4, week 5 to 8 and week 9 to 12), during which hens were fed mash diets. Performance (BW, feed intake and egg production) and egg quality were determined. Following slaughter at the end of 12 weeks of feeding (n = 8/treatment), carcass yield and organ weights (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, stomach and ovary) were recorded; organs and intestines were sampled for histological analysis. Analysis of serum biochemistry parameters to assess the liver and kidney function were performed. No differences in BW, egg production and production efficiency were observed between hens consuming the control diet and hens consuming the BT-799 or CC-2 diet. Haugh unit measures and egg component weights were similar between the control and test groups. Carcass yield was not affected by the diet treatment. Similar organosomatic indices and serum parameters did not indicate the characteristics of organ dysfunction. All observed values of the BT-799 and CC-2 groups were within the calculated tolerance intervals. This research indicates that the performance, egg quality, organ health and carcass yield of laying hens fed diets containing the BT-799 or CC-2 corn line were similar to that of laying hens fed diets formulated with the non-transgenic near-isoline corn with comparable genetic backgrounds.

show abstract

Total Parenteral Nutrition Alters Molecular and Cellular Indices of Intestinal Inflammation in Neonatal Piglets

Abstract: These data identify molecular and cellular indices of intestinal inflammation that are responsive to IV feeding in neonates and provide a novel framework to investigate mechanisms underlying gut atrophy during TPN.

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Total parenteral nutrition adversely affects gut barrier function in neonatal piglets

Total parenteral nutrition adversely affects gut barrier function in neonatal piglets

Postnatal development of intestinal immune system in piglets: implications for the process of weaning

Effects of feeding transgenic corn with mCry1Ac or maroACC gene to laying hens for 12 weeks on growth, egg quality and organ health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About