Total oxidant status and oxidative stress are increased in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis

Gut microbiota, the immune system, and diet influence the neonatal gut–brain axis

“…Microbial toxicants and proinflammatory cytokines released into the systemic circulation from infected and damaged intestine have a causal relationship with the long-term psychomotor and intestinal disabilities seen after NEC (55). The degree of injury to the intestine in NEC correlates with the levels of oxidant stress and other mediators associated with brain injury (56). The role of the GBA in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy and ASD requires more research in immature infants.…”

Protective effects of dexpanthenol in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis

“…ROS have been linked to the development of NEC in premature infants [26]. ROS cause cellular injury via several mechanisms including peroxidation of membrane lipids as well as oxidation of proteins and DNA, determined by MDA, TOS, and OSI, leading to tissue damage and NEC [27][28][29]. In the present study, it was demonstrated that significantly higher levels of intestinal MDA, TOS, and OSI showed off in the NEC group than in the control and control + Dxp groups (p b 0.001), which suggests an increase in LPO.…”

“…However, we found similar TAC levels in all four groups. Recently, Aydemir et al [29] demonstrated that higher TOS and OSI levels in preterm neonates with NEC were associated with development of severe NEC. Thus, the suggestion was that antioxidant intervention might be an important part of the medical therapy of NEC in the future.…”

A New Way of Thinking About Complications of Prematurity

“…Increases in complications will lead to more physiologic stress, causing further wear and tear. The significant associations of oxidative stress with the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Ahola, Fellman, Kjellmer, Raivio, & Lapatto, 2004;Ballard et al, 2008;Joung et al, 2011), intraventricular hemorrhage (Ahola et al, 2004), necrotizing enterocolitis (Aydemir et al, 2011), and retinopathy of prematurity (Ates et al, 2009;Hartnett, 2010;Mataftsi, Dimitrakos, & Adams, 2011b;Perrone et al, 2009) support the positive theoretical relationship between allostatic load and complications of prematurity. The evidence linking the four complications of prematurity supports the role of a systemic physiologic dysregulation and allostatic load.…”

“…Risk factors include prematurity, hypoxia-ischemia, and formula feedings. Mechanisms associated with NEC include colonization of intestinal bacteria or imbalance of beneficial bacteria versus pathogenic bacteria, oxidative stress, and exaggerated inflammatory response (Afrazi et al, 2011;Aydemir et al, 2011;Bell et al, 1978;Deshpande, Rao, Patole, & Bulsara, 2010;Foster & Cole, 2004;Harris & Seckl, 2011;Holman et al, 2006;Lodha et al, , 2010;Martin et al, 2011;Morowitz, Poroyko, Caplan, Alverdy, & Liu, 2010;J. Neu & Walker, 2011;Perrone et al, 2009;Thompson & Bizzarro, 2008;Thompson et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011).…”