Total lower lip reconstruction

Abstract

Ten cases of total lower lip reconstruction are reviewed. The total lip defects resulted from tumor resection (n=6), trauma (n=3), and noma (n=1). There were concomitant chin and mandible defects in three and four patients. The planning and choice of operative methods depended on the quality of the surrounding tissue and the patient's age, sex, occupation, and general health. Local procedures and tissue transposition from the head and neck region were used in eight cases; distant flaps were necessary in two cases. All patients achieved satisfactory functional and esthetic results. The author's experience and evaluation of various surgical methods are presented with special regard to the combined use of local and distant tissue to achieve an optimal outcome.

Functional and Aesthetic Lower Lip Reconstruction Using the Yotsuyanagy Flap

“…8,26 The factors to take into account for planning and choosing the reconstructive method are pathology and length of the tumor, type of resection, quality of the underlying tissue, age, and general health status of the patient. 26 Local flaps are considered the main option for lip reconstruction 16,19 ; they offer better aesthetic and functional compared with free flaps. 13 Those were the principles taken into account to prefer the musculocutaneous depressor angle oris flap in the reconstruction of these case series.…”

“…The optimal treatment must fulfill the following conditions: (1) the intervention must be early, for this reason, immediate reconstruction was performed in all reported cases; (2) the reconstruction must be functional, reproducing the anatomy that allows proper lip function; (3) the donor site used must be from a similar tissue; and (4) the surgical technique should be simple and easy to reproduce 8,26 . The factors to take into account for planning and choosing the reconstructive method are pathology and length of the tumor, type of resection, quality of the underlying tissue, age, and general health status of the patient 26 …”

“…(3) the donor site used must be from a similar tissue; and (4) the surgical technique should be simple and easy to reproduce. 8,26 The factors to take into account for planning and choosing the reconstructive method are pathology and length of the tumor, type of resection, quality of the underlying tissue, age, and general health status of the patient. 26 Local flaps are considered the main option for lip reconstruction 16,19 ; they offer better aesthetic and functional compared with free flaps.…”

A simple method for lower lip reconstruction after trauma using an advancement mucosal flap from the remaining lip

“…Several flaps (transposition, rotation, island flaps) have been described for lower lip reconstruction after traumatic injury when the defect is more than 1/3 of the lip and cannot be closed primarily (1,2). Even though there is no standard method for lower lip reconstruction after trauma, because of the frequent injury of the adjacent tissues, reports draw attention that the use of tissue from the remaining lip offers the best cosmetic result (3,4).…”