Functional and Aesthetic Lower Lip Reconstruction Using the Yotsuyanagy Flap

Abstract

Lower lip defects are a major challenge from a reconstructive perspective. The lower lip is an anatomical region formed by different types of tissue, and it is essential to obtain adequate functional and aesthetic results. When local tissue is available to be a donor area, it becomes the best option to repair the defect. This article's purpose is to present our experience in reconstruction of partial or transfixing total defects of the lower lip with the musculocutaneous flap of the depressor anguli oris described by Yotsuyanagi.

Scalp Composite Tissue Transplantation for Repairing Upper Lip Defect: A Feasible Clinical Study

“…Using local pedicled flaps to repair upper lip defects, such as the nasolabial flap, can increase scarring in the donor area and lead to upper lip asymmetry. [15][16][17] The free flap can be used to repair the upper lip defect well, but the free flap needs to be relatively thin, and several flap trims are needed at a later stage to improve the shape, and the microvascular anastomosis requires high technical requirements. Therefore, there is no very good method for repairing the upper lip defect.…”

“…When repairing large defects, direct drawing and suturing of the wound will result in uneven upper lip strength and distortion of the philtrum and commissure. Using local pedicled flaps to repair upper lip defects, such as the nasolabial flap, can increase scarring in the donor area and lead to upper lip asymmetry 15–17 . The free flap can be used to repair the upper lip defect well, but the free flap needs to be relatively thin, and several flap trims are needed at a later stage to improve the shape, and the microvascular anastomosis requires high technical requirements.…”

An Aesthetic, Functional, and Low-Invasive Lower Red Lip Reconstruction Using a Mucosal Perforator Flap: A Case Report

“…The lower lip is not only important regarding function, such as feeding and speech, but it is also a component of the face and, therefore, must be reconstructed with a good aesthetic appearance. 7 Traditionally, various techniques have been used to reconstruct the lower lip, ranging from simple direct closures to local or distant flaps, including vermilion advancement flaps and Abbe-Estlander flaps. 8 The appropriate reconstructive technique is selected according to the defect in each case; for example, a simple direct closure is appropriate for a relatively small defect, affecting less than 1/3 of the lip, while the Abbe-Estlander flap is useful for the reconstruction of a relatively large defect, affecting 1/3 to 2/3 of the lip, although there is no 'gold standard'.…”

An esthetic, functional, and low‐invasive lower red lip reconstruction using a mucosal perforator flap: A case report

“…The lower lip is not only important regarding function, such as feeding and speech, but it is also a component of the face and, therefore, must be reconstructed with a good esthetic appearance 7 . Traditionally, various techniques have been used to reconstruct the lower lip, ranging from simple direct closures to local or distant flaps, including vermilion advancement flaps and Abbe and Estlander flaps 8 .…”

“…The lower lip is not only important regarding function, such as feeding and speech, but it is also a component of the face and, therefore, must be reconstructed with a good esthetic appearance. 7 Traditionally, various techniques have been used to reconstruct the lower lip, ranging from simple direct closures to local or distant flaps, including vermilion advancement flaps and Abbe and Estlander flaps. 8 The appropriate reconstructive technique is selected according to the defect in each case; for example, a simple direct closure is appropriate for a relatively small defect, affecting less than 1/3 of the lip, while the Abbe‐Estlander flap is useful for the reconstruction of a relatively large defect, affecting 1/3–2/3 of the lip, although there is no “gold standard.” 9 Therefore, modified conventional reconstructive techniques have also been reported.…”