Total electron content measurements in the southern hemisphere using GPS satellites, 1991 to 1995

Breed, A. M.; Goodwin, G.L.; Silby, J. H.

doi:10.1029/98rs01856

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fig.1(c) shows one TEC result calculated using the formula (3), (4) and (5). One can see that the weight factor sometimes does affect the values of absolute TEC results.…”

Section: The Methods To Calculate Tec Combining Group and Phase Delay mentioning

confidence: 94%

The Method to Calculate TEC using GPS and its Application to the Study of Ionospheric Disturbances

Zhang¹,

Xiao²

2000

Chinese J of Geophysics

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[Abstract]The methods to calculate the total electron content of the ionosphere by using the dual-frequency GPS receiver is summarized in this paper with the emphasis put particularly on the disturbance study. The error sources in calculating ionospheric TEC with pseudo-range and carrier-phase is analyzed individually. Since the signal-to-noise ratio of GPS signals and the elevations of GPS satellites affect the pseudo-range and carrierphase in different way, the method of combining pseudo-range and carrier-phase data in order to get an absolute TEC with high precision was discussed in detail. The effects of the instrumental bias of satellites and receiver are also analyzed and an approach to remove those effects is given. It is pointed out that to remove the bias of receiver, IRI model may be used as a reference, but a reliable correction requires statistics through comparison with sufficient GPS data. The method presented in this paper is particularly useful in analyzing the ionospheric responses to geophysical perturbations such as solar flares, TIDs and solar eclipses. A few examples were given for these cases and results show that the accuracy of the method presented in this paper can be used well in studying the ionospheric disturbances.

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“…Fig.1(c) shows one TEC result calculated using the formula (3), (4) and (5). One can see that the weight factor sometimes does affect the values of absolute TEC results.…”

Section: The Methods To Calculate Tec Combining Group and Phase Delay mentioning

confidence: 94%

The Method to Calculate TEC using GPS and its Application to the Study of Ionospheric Disturbances

Zhang¹,

Xiao²

2000

Chinese J of Geophysics

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“…Total electron content (TEC) is an important ionospheric parameter playing a significant role in ionospheric climatological analysis [1][2][3] since the 1960s. Many related reports [4][5][6][7] have come out especially after the appearance of Global Positioning System (GPS), which brings convenience for studying the large-scale even global TEC variation because of its advantages such as plentiful observatories, wide distribution and continuous all-weather observation. All those reports point out that besides temporal variation (e.g., daily, semi-annual and annual variations), TEC also has spatial variation such as equatorial anomaly and spatial variation due to the unbalanced distribution of the sea and the land.…”

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confidence: 99%

Climatological analysis and modeling of the ionospheric global electron content

She

Wan

2008

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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In this paper, we calculate the ionospheric global electron content (GEC) from the GPS TEC data along the geographic longitude 120°E during the period of 1996-2004, and investigate the relationship between GEC and 10.7 cm solar radio flux F 10.7 and its seasonal dependence with partial correlation analysis. Our results show that GEC is closely correlated with solar activity index F 10.7 and is also related with annual and semiannual variations. An empirical GEC model driven by those factors is then to examine the influences of different solar activity proxies for the model input. The results suggest that GEC mainly depends on solar activity and the seasonal variations; the latter is also modulated by solar activity. Furthermore, the magnitude of semiannual variation is a little greater than that of annual variation. Our empirical GEC model is proved to be better than the model proposed by Afraimovich et al. ionospheric global electron content, ionospheric climatology, empirical modelThe ionosphere is an important part of the near-earth space, whose state is largely determined by the general level of solar radiation. The most important causes of the ionospheric climatological variation are solar 11-year circular variation and seasonal variation due to the earth revolution around the sun. Total electron content (TEC) is an important ionospheric parameter playing a significant role in ionospheric climatological analysis [1][2][3] since the 1960s. Many related reports [4][5][6][7] have come out especially after the appearance of Global Positioning System (GPS), which brings convenience for studying the large-scale even global TEC variation because of its advantages such as plentiful observatories, wide distribution and continuous all-weather observation. All those reports point out that besides temporal variation (e.g., daily, semi-annual and annual variations), TEC also has spatial variation such as equatorial anomaly and spatial variation due to the unbalanced distribution of the sea and the land. It is a meaningful subject to investigate the climatology of ionospheric global electron content from the GPS TEC data. Recently, Afraimovich et al. [8] introduced a new parameter global electron content (GEC) using global TEC map data from 1998 to 2005, which are products of several laboratories (JPL, UPC, CODE, ESA and EMR) based on global ionospheric mapping (GIM) technology. GIM is two-dimensional curving grid with a resolution of 5° along the longitude and 2.5° along the latitude. GEC can eliminate the local characteristics of TEC and clearly show the whole profile of global ionosphere, therefore, it is superior to TEC to analyze global ionosphere and dynamical process [8] . Afraimovich et al. [8] found that GEC is closely related to solar activity when smoothed with a 1-year time window, and they also obtained a simple linear regression model between GEC and 10.7 cm solar radio flux F 10.7 with the potential seasonal dependence ignored. One purpose of this paper is to study the climatology of GEC in more

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“…It is shown that there are annual variations, semiannual variations and regional variations in terms of TEC, and there is a strong dependence on the solar and geomagnetic activities for the TEC. At the same time, detailed analysis of temporal-spatial TEC variations have been done based on GPS receivers on the ground in some regions, such as in Victoria (Wu et al, 2006), India (Bagiya et al, 2009;Rama Rao et al, 2006) and Salisbury (Breed et al, 1998). Up to now, however, there are only a few papers for the variations of the ionospheric TEC over the whole China region based on direct observations (Huo et al, 2005;Xiao and Zhang, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, due to the wide use of GPS receivers both on satellites at low earth orbit and on the ground, continuous and long-time ionospheric TEC data with increasing accuracy have been obtained and used to analyse the diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variations of the ionospheric TEC over the Earth (e.g., Breed et al, 1998;Xiao and Zhang, 2000;Stamatis et al, 2004;Yu et al, 2006;Liu and Chen, 2009;Perevalova et al, 2010). Some new parameters, such as the Global Electron Content (GEC) Astafyeva et al, 2008) and the global mean TEC (Hocke, 2008(Hocke, , 2009, have also been derived to track the global characteristics of ionospheric dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of the ionospheric TEC using simultaneous measurements from the China Crustal Movement Observation Network

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2012

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract.Variations of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) over China are investigated using the TEC data obtained from China Crustal Movement Observation Network in the year 2004. The results show a single-peak occurred in post-noon for the diurnal variation and two peaks exit around two equinox points, respectively, for the seasonal variation. Overall, the values of TEC increased from the north to the south of China. There were small but clear longitudinal differences in both sides of the longitudes with zero magnetic declination. The intensity of the day-to-day variation of TEC was not a monotonic change along the latitudes. It was usually weaker in the middle of China than that in the north or south. Comparing with the maximum F-layer electron density (NmF2) derived from the ionosonde stations in China, it is found that the day-to-day variation of TEC was less significant than that of NmF2, and that the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly identified from the NmF2 data can reach Guangzhou-region. While, the TEC crest was hardly observed in the same location. This is probably caused by the tilt of topside ionosphere near the northern anomaly crest region at lower latitudes.

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Total electron content measurements in the southern hemisphere using GPS satellites, 1991 to 1995

Abstract: 4, February 1996)). They are considered to be global models, even though the IRl model is based primarily, but not exclusively, on northern hemisphere TEC data, and PIM is based on a theoretical model and is thus not directly based on TEC data.

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

The Method to Calculate TEC using GPS and its Application to the Study of Ionospheric Disturbances

The Method to Calculate TEC using GPS and its Application to the Study of Ionospheric Disturbances

Climatological analysis and modeling of the ionospheric global electron content

Variations of the ionospheric TEC using simultaneous measurements from the China Crustal Movement Observation Network

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